Ch3 Review
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The metric system of measurement is based on the powers of 10
Characteristic of prokaryotes are their evolution preceded that of eukaryotes
One meter is equal to 1,000 mm, 100 cm, and 0.001 km
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes do not have a nucleus
A microscope with a 4x objective lens and a 10x ocular lens produces a total magnification of
40x
To function most effectively, a cell must be small
Living specimens can be viewed using a(n) light microscope, and scanning tunneling microscope
As cell size increases, the surface-area-to-volume ratio decreases
The smallest units of life are cells
Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because the cell may become too large
to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes
When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area increases at a slower rate
A bacterium is an example of a prokaryotic cell
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic
reticulum, packages molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum, and is involved in the
distribution of proteins
Only eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm
One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving substances from one part
of the cell to another is endoplasmic reticulum
A structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function is called a(n) organelle
Phospholipid is a type of molecule that forms a lipid bilayer within a cell membrane
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope
The cell membrane encloses the contents of a cell, allows materials to enter and leave the cell,
and is selectively permeable
Cell : cell membrane : : nucleus : nuclear envelope
Phospholipids are molecules that contain phosphate, have nonpolar “tails” and polar “heads”,
and form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane
The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is the cell membrane
Most of the food and waste materials that move into and out of a cell pass through channel
proteins
The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the Golgi apparatus
A cell wall is not found in both plant and animal cells
In a cell, proteins are made on the ribosomes
Chloroplasts are similar to mitochondria because they both contain their own DNA
A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of mitochondria
Plant cells have a large membrane bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients
can be stored. This space is called the vacuole
Cell wall and animal cell contain unrelated items
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The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the chloroplasts
Scientists use metric units when taking measurements
Electronic microscopes have higher magnifying power then light microscopes do
A meter is a basic unit used when measuring length
Total magnification of a light microscope is calculated by multiplying the magnification of the
objective lens by the magnification of the ocular lens
In a(n) light microscope, light passes through one or more lenses to produce an enlarged image
of a specimen
A compound microscope is a type of light microscope
Resolution is a measure of the clarity of an image
The ability to make an image appear larger than its actual size is called magnification
While a light microscope uses light to visualize a specimen, electron microscopes use a(n)
electron bean and a vacuum chamber
Both plant cells and animal cells have cell membranes. In addition, plant cells are surrounded by
a(n) cell wall
A(n) electron microscope cannot be used to view living specimens
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells
All cells arise from existing cells
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes embedded on its surface
The basic unit of structure and function in an organism is the cell
Eukaryotic cells have a system of internal membranes
The statement that “cells arise only from existing cells” is part of the cell theory
The organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are called ribosomes
As a cell’s size decreases, its surface-area-to-volume ratio increases
The nucleus houses a cell’s DNA, which contains heredity information
Modern prokaryotes are generally known as bacteria
A phospholipid is a molecule with a(n) polar head
Eukaryotic cells contain specialized structures called organelles
Proteins that aid in moving substances into and out of the cell are called transport proteins
A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope is a(n) eukaryotic cell
Marker proteins on the surface of cells have carbohydrates attached to the protein
The meshlike network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the
cytoskeleton
All substances that enter or leave a cell must cross the cell membrane
Scientists think that eukaryotic cells evolved about 1.5 billion years ago