Unit 2C Worksheet arthron = joint, syn = joined together, amphi = round, di = two.
1) Articulations or ___________ are classified by how they function, ____________are
free moving, ______________ are slightly moveable and _______________ are unmovable.
2) Articulations are also classified by structure. __________ have no synovial_________
and are composed of fibrous connective tissue that __________ so there is little or
no______________. An example would be the ______________on the cranial bones.
_________________ are also ____________ connective tissue but not as tightly fit as a
suture. An example would be the _________ articulation between the _________and fibula.
_____________ are like a peg in socket such as the teeth in the _________and_______.
3) Classify the Fibrous joints:
Structure
Function
Amount of movement
Gomphoses = ___________ = immobile
_________= Synarthroses = immobile
Syndesmoses = __________ = slightly mobile
4) Another classification by structure is the ______________ joints, also having no
synovial__________, with little or ___ movement. One type is ________________ which is
__________ cartilage between the ____________ and diaphysis or the ____________
plate, or between the first rib and______________. Another type is a ___________ which
is a broad flat _________ of cartilage between bones and is ___________movable as in the
intervertebral disks and the _____________ ______________.
5) Classify the Cartilaginous joints:
Structure
Function
Amount of movement
Synchondrosis = ____________ = immobile
Symphysis = ____________ = slightly mobile.
6) The final classification by structure is the __________ joint which are ________moving.
Their movement is limited by __________ structures or the ___________of the
connecting ligaments, ____________ and _____________of soft body parts. These joints
have synovial ___________which are ___________filled.
Structure
Function
Amount of movement
Synovial = __________ = freely moving.
7) In synovial joints the ______________ capsule encloses the _________and unites 2
bones. The outer layer of the fibrous capsule is __________ connective tissue which
connects to the____________ and if the fibers are aligned in the _______ way it is
a______________. While the inner layer of the synovial membrane is _________connective
tissue which encloses the synovial______________.
8) Saclike structures between adjacent structures are referred to as_________, and at
times when it is wrapped around a structure it is referred to as a__________. While the
articular __________ that subdivide a synovial cavity is referred to as ___________.
9) Movements at synovial joints are caused by muscle______________. The _________of
the muscle is attached to _______ movable bone, which is usually located more _________
while the insertion is where it attaches to __________ bone is usually more___________.
10) In angular movements, flexion ____________the angle and ____________increases the
angle between two bones, while ____________________is movement beyond the anatomical
position and ___________flexion is bending along the frontal plane.
11) Types of synovial joints include plane joints found on ________surfaces only and allow
___________ movements as between the wrist and __________ bones as well as the ankle
and __________ bones. Where condyloid joints are found when two _______articular
surfaces (_________and convex) permit all angular movements as in the middle joints or
____________of your fingers.
12) Saddle joints are also ___________ and convex in their articulation but allow more
movement than the ___________ joint and are found between the trapezium and the first
metacarpal of the thumb or__________.
13) Supporting structures of the knee are the ___________and posterior ____________
ligaments which prevent________________. If one was to receive a lateral blow to the
knee, one might have damage in the tibial __________ligament, the medial _____________
and/or the anterior ____________ ligament.
14) The shoulder is a Ball-and-_________ joint in which __________is sacrificed to obtain
greater freedom of_____________. The head of the humerus articulates with the
__________fossa of the____________. The hip is also a ______-and-socket joint in which
the head of the femur articles with the _____________. Although this joint has good range
of____________, its movement is limited by the deep ________and strong____________.
15) Joints develop from the _____________ germ layer or more specifically the
___________________cells.
16) As joints age in the advanced years you will find that __________and tendons
___________and weaken, Intervertebral discs become more likely to ___________, and
most people in their 70’s have some degree of__________________. But prudent________
in which one keeps their joints moving through their ______range of _________is key to
______________ joint problems.