OBJECTIVES
ARTICULATIONS
(JOINTS)
SKELETAL SYSTEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
Identify the purpose of joints.
Differentiate between the functional and
structural classification of joints
Identify the 4 parts of a synovial joint
Identify the 6 types of synovial joints and
their movement
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
PURPOSE
Hold
bones together
Provide mobility
A.
FUNCTIONAL
SYNARTHROSES – Do not move
(sutures of skull)
AMPHIARTHROSES – Slightly
movable (vertebrae)
DIARTHROSES – Freely movable
(knee, elbow)
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
B.
STRUCTURALLY
FIBROUS – BONES UNITED BY
FIBROUS TISSUE – SUTURES OF
SKULL
1
CARTILAGINOUS
– Bones connected by cartilage
- Can be slightly movable as in symphysis
pubis
- Can be movable as in ephiphyseal plates
of long bones or ribs to sternum
SYNOVIAL
-
Ends of bones are separated by a
cavity filled with synovial fluid
4 parts of a synovial joint
1. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE – hyaline
cartilage covering ends of bones
2. FIBROUS ARTICULAR CAPSULE – fibrous
connective tissue covering the joint
3. Joint cavity that contains lubricating fluid
4. Reinforcing ligaments surrounding joint
2
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
PLANE (GLIDING) JOINT
1. PLANE JOINT – HORIZONTAL
MOVEMENTS BETWEEN FLAT OR
SLIGHTLY CURVED BONES
- CARPALS & TARSALS
2. HINGE JOINT – MOVEMENT
BACK & FORTH IN ONE PLANEKNEE & ELBOW
HINGE JOINT
3. PIVOT JOINT – ROTARY MOVEMENT
ON A CENTRAL AXIS
- ATLAS & AXIS
- ULNA & RADIUS
4. CONDYLOID JOINT – OVAL END OF
ONE BONE FITS INTO OVAL CUP OF
ANOTHER
-BETWEEN METACARPALS &
PHALANGES (KNUCKLES)
PIVOT JOINT
CONDYLOID JOINT
3
5. SADDLE JOINT – 2 SADDLE
SHAPED JOINTS THAT MOVE 90
DEGREES OVER ONE ANOTHER
SADDLE JOINT
- BETWEEN METACARPAL & CARPAL
OF THUMB
6. BALL & SOCKET – MOVEMENT IN
MANY PLANES ; ROTATION
- HIP
- SHOULDER
BALL & SOCKET JOINT
4