Lecture 8
Articulations and Movement
8-1
Articulations or Joints
• Articulation or Joint
– Place where two bones come together
– Freely movable to limited to no apparent
movement
– Structure correlated with movement
8-2
Classes of Joints
Structural: Based on major connective tissue
type that binds bones
– Fibrous
• Skull sutures
– Cartilaginous
• Pelvic girdle
• Between the vertebrae
– Synovial
• Most common
8-3
Synovial Joints
• Allow considerable
movement
• Most joints that unite bone
of appendicular skeleton
• Complex
– Articular cartilage and disks
– Joint cavity and capsule
– Synovial membrane and
fluid
• Bursa (plural bursae)
– Pockets of synovial fluid
Fig. 9.4
8-4
Types of Movement
• Angular
– Flexion and Extension
• Hyperextension
– Abduction and Adduction
– Circumduction
• Circular or Rotational
– Rotation
– Pronation and Supination
• Special Movements
8-5
Flexion and Extension
Fig. 9.7
8-6
Abduction and Adduction
Fig. 9.8
8-7
Circumduction
Fig. 9.9
8-8
Rotation
Fig. 9.10
8-9
Pronation and Supination
Fig. 9.10
8-10
Special Movements
• Unique to only one or two joints
• Types
– Elevation and Depression
– Protraction and Retraction
8-11
Elevation and Depression
Fig. 9.11
8-12
Protraction and Retraction
Fig. 9.11
8-13
Review Question
What action takes place at both the hip and knee
when a sprinter leaves the block?
(a) extension
(b) flexion
(c) abduction
(d) depression
(e) retraction
8-14
Points to Remember
• A joint or articulation is a meeting between two
bones and does not necessarily imply movement
• A joint can be classified according to its structure
• Synovial joints are the most complex
• Specific terms are used to describe the movements
of joints that are freely movable.
• Commonly grouped in opposing pairs that move a
part of the body in relation to the anatomical
position.
8-15
Questions?
8-16