Final Study Guide
KEY
1. IT WILL EASILY IGNITE & BURN
2. EYEGLASSES DON’T PORTECT FROM SIDE SPLASHES
3. TIE IT UP
4. CATCH ON THINGS; GET CONTAMINATED BY CHEMICALS
5. CLOSED TOED SHOES
6. Skin: Flush with lots of water; Clothes: get them off and flush skin with lots of water
7. ALWAYS; WHENEVER WORKING WITH CHEMICALS OR GLASSWARE
8. ASK THE INSTRUCTOR
9. Dispose of according to instructions from instructor
10. Synthesis
a. Synthesis
A + B  AB
b. Decomposition
AB  A + B
c. Single Replacement AB + C  AC + B
d. Double Replacement AB + CD  AD + CB
e. Combustion
CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O (Complete)
f. Combustion
CxHy + O2  CO + H2O (Incomplete)
11. SINGLE REPLACEMENT
12. COPPER IS MORE REACTIVE THAN SILVER
13. DECREASING ACTIVTY/REACTIVITY
14. REACTANT
15. PRODUCT
16. ARROW; 
17. TRUE
18. HYDROGEN & OXYGEN
19. H2 + O2  H2O
20. 3
21. OXYGEN; O2
22. INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
23. 2CH4 + 3O2  2CO + 4H2O
24. 4
25. Pt IS BEING USED AS A CATALYST
26. ENDOTHERMIC
27. CATALYST
28. H3O+
29. OH30. HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl31. Hydronium; Hydroxide
32. HYDROGEN
33. HYDROXIDE
34. ACIDS – BLUE PAPER RED
BASES – RED PAPER BLUE
35. CONCENTRATION OF HYDRONIUM IONS
[H30+]
36. 0 to14
a. Range for acids: 0-6.9
a. Ranger for bases: 7.1-14
b. Neutral substance: 7
37. CONCENTRATION OF EACH; STRONG vs. WEAK
38. WATER AND SALT
39. HYDRONIUM IONS (H3O+) AND HYDROXIDE IONS (OH-)
40.
KOH + HNO3 → H2O + KNO3
Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 →
H2O + Al2(SO4)3
HCl + NaOH →
H2O +NaCl
H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 → H2O + Mg(SO4)
41. COMPLETELY; PARTIALLY
42.
strong base
ANY GROUP1 OR 2METAL WITH OH
strong acid
ANY HALOGEN WITH HYDROGEN
weak acid
ACETIC, CARBONIC
weak base
AMMONIA, ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE
43. INCREASES
44. AIR POLLUTION – SPECIFICALLY:
SO2 FROM BURNING COAL FOR ELECTRICITY
NO2 FROM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (CARS AND TRUCKS)
45. SCULPTURES; STONE BUILDINGS;
LAKES & STREAMS; TREES AND PLANTS; FISH & INSECTS
46. CO2 – NATURALLY PRESENT & FROM ALL HUMAN-CAUSED COMBUSTION
SO2 – FROM COAL-FIRED ELECTRICAL PLANTS
NO2 – FROM TRANSPORTATION (INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES)
47. Radioactivity
4 He
48. Alpha decay
α
2
0
Beta decay -1e
β
Gamma radiation γ
photon (light - electromagnetic radiation)
49. Time it takes ½ of a sample to decay
50. Not always new element (gamma releases no particles, only energy); Transmutation
51. Gamma decay (gamma ray is photon of light; electromagnetic radiation)
52. Alpha particles (loses 4 amu & loses 2 protons)
symbol is 42He
53. Pb-206 is stable
54. Beta
55. Elements > atomic #92 (Uranium); none are naturally occurring, all made in labs
56. 21884Po  42He + 21482Pb  0-1e + 21483Bi
57. Alpha decay
(loses 4 amu & loses 2 protons)
symbol is 42He
58. Beta decay
59. Lead-206
60. 23994 Pu  42He + 23592U
61. 25 YEARS
62. 75g;
25g;
6.25g
63. Q = 100g - 12.5g = 87.5g
64. Test tube #1 (no time to decay, yet, so 100% of Z is still there)
65. 10 days
66. 4 half-lives  4 x (2.4 x 104 years) = 9.6 x 104 years
67. 61.5 / 12.3 = 5 half-lives  3.125 grams