REVIEW FRQ’S AND TERMS, CHAPTERS 27-31
Chapter 27 – World War I and the Russian Revolution
1. Compare and contrast the crises in state authority that precipitated the French Revolution in
1789 and the February and October Revolutions in Russia in 1917.
French Revolution
Mismatch between estates and reality
Financial crisis
Assembly of Notables
Desacralization
Petitions of the Estates
Indecisiveness of Louis XVI
October Revolution (Russia)
Russian backwardness
Absence of Nicholas II in St. Petersburg
Rule by Alexandra
Influence of Rasputin
Unsuccessful military campaigns
Return from Lenin from exile
2. Analyze the effects of nationalism on the Austrian Empire in the period 1815 to 1914.
1815
Congress of Vienna
Victorious power
imposing
conservativism on
Europe through the
Holy Alliance and
Carlsbad Decrees,
Germans treating ethnic
minorities poorly
1848
Revolution of 1848
Nationalistic revolts
from within Austria
begin to tear it apart,
starting with Hungary
Conservativism
reimposed with the
assistance of Nicholas I
of Russia
1866
Austro-Prussian War
War lass ends Austrian
dominance over
Germanic areas of
Europe
1914
Ethnic tensions pulling
Austria into war.
Austria and Germany
vs. Serbia and Russia
Austria will prove to be
a poor war partner to
Germany
Chapter 28 – Between the Wars
Raphael’s School of Athens 1510-11
Order
Symmetry
Humanism
Perspective
Classicism
Picasso Les Demoisselles d’ Avignon, 1907
Age of Anxiety
Cubism
View from many different viewpoints
Emotional impact
1. Contrast the ways in which the paintings shown express the artistic and intellectual concerns of the
eras in which the works were created.
2. Discuss and analyze the political and economic reasons for the failure of parliamentary democracy in
Germany after the First World War.
Political
Unhappiness with Treaty of Versailles
Occupation of the Ruhr
Deep divisions between political parties
Election of 1932
Enabling Act
Economic
War destruction
Reparations payments
Hyper-inflation
Great Depression
Protectionism
Chapter 29 – Totalitarianism and World War II
1. Compare the rise to power of fascism in Italy and Germany.
Italy
Dissatisfaction with gains from WWI
Unequal distribution of wealth
Political corruption
Mussolini began as a Socialist, but gained more
followers when criticizing fellow socialists
Black Shirts
March on Rome
Victor Emmanuel III
Germany
Dissatisfaction with Treaty of Versailles
Mein Kamph
Difficulties after the Great Depression
Elections of 1930 and 1932
Brown Shirts
Burning of the Reichstag
Enabling Act
2. Assess the extent to which the economic and political ideals of Karl Marx were realized in postrevolutionary Russia in the period from 1917-1939.
Revolution by the working class
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Elimination of country borders
Communal Ownership of Property
Russian Revolution
Leadership of Lenin and Trotsky
Checka
New Economic Policy
Leadership of Stalin
Five Year Plans
Collectivization of Agriculture
Industrialization
Totalitarianism
Chapter 30 – The Cold War
1. Describe and analyze the changing relationships between the Soviet Union and Eastern European
countries from 1945 to 1970.
Potsdam
Not allowing Eastern Europe to participate in the Marshall Plan
Establishment of one party states
Czechoslovakia 1948
Warsaw Pact
Soviet Bloc
Nikita Khruschev
Berlin Wall and Inter German border
Poland 1956
Hungary 1956
Leonid Brezhnev
Detante
Czechoslovakia 1968
2. Compare and contrast the women’s suffrage movements of the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries with the European feminist movements of the 1960s and 1970s.
First Women’s Movement
Property ownership
Voting rights
Pressure on legislative bodies
Second Women’s Movement
Equal pay for equal work
Anti-sexual harassment in the workplace
Divorce laws
Alimony laws
Provision of day care
Abortion
Pressure on legal systems
Chapter 31 – 1989 – to the Present
1. Analyze the long-term and short-term factors responsible for the disintegration of communist
rule in TWO of the following states: Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary and Poland.
Czechoslovakia
Maintenance of a
democracy until the
outbreak of World War II
Revolutions in 1948 and
1968
Alexander Dubcek
Vaclav Havel
Velvet Revolution
East Germany
Berlin and InterGerman walls
Especially close control
by the USSR
Erich Honecker
Unwillingness of the
USSR to back up the
Honecker regime
Hungary
Revolution in 1956
Opening of the border
in Austria
Helmut Kohl
Third Way
Poland
Revolution in 1956
Never collectivizing
agriculture
Kept Catholic
Church
Solidarity
General Jaruzelski
Lech Walesa
2. Many historians have suggested that since 1945, nationalism has been on the decline in Europe.
Using both political and economic examples from the period 1945 to 2000, evaluate the validity
of this interpretation.
Political
Maastrict Treaty
Treaty of Lisbon (failure to pass a real EU
constitution)
Breakup of Czechoslovakia
War in the Balkans
Slobodan Milosevic
Kosovo
Dayton Accords
Economic
European Coal and Steel Community
Treaty of Rome
European Economic Community
European Union
Maastrict Treaty
Euro