AZAS, PENGERTIAN DAN UNSUR
KEJAHATAN PIDANA INTERNASIONAL
CEKLI SETYA PRATIWI, SH.,LL.M.
ASAS-ASAS HPI
• ASAS HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
o PACTA SUNT
SERVANDA
• ASAS HUKUM NASIONAL
o ASAS
o ASAS
o ASAS
LEGALITAS
TERRITORIAL
UNIVERSAL, DLL
KEDUDUKAN HPI DALAM ILMU
HUKUM
• SUATU DISIPLIN HUKUM SENDIRI
o PRAKTIK
o PRAKTIK
HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL
• MEMILIKI 4 UNSUR (ROMLI):
o ASAS HUKUM PIDANA INTERNASIONAL
o KAIDAH HUKUM PIDANA INTERNASIONAL
o INSTRUMEN PENEGAKAN HUKUM
o OBJEK HUKUM PIDANA INTERNASIONAL
PENGERTIAN & UNSUR
KEJAHATAN INTERNASIONAL
• M.CHERIF BASSIOUNI:
o INTERNATIONAL
CRIMES IS ANY
CONDUCT WHICH IS DESIGNATED AS A
CRIME IN A MULTILATERAL CONVENTION
WITH SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF STATE
PARTIES TO IT, PROVIDED THE
INSTRUMENT CONTAINS ONE OF THE TEN
PENAL CHARACTERISTICS
THE TEN PENAL CHARACTERISTICS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
EXPLICIT RECOGNITION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
IMPLICIT RECOGNITION OF THE PENAL NATURE
CRIMINALIZATION OF PROSCRIBED CONDUCT
DUTY OR RIGHT TO PROSECUTE
DUTY OR RIGHT TO PUNISH
DUTY OR RIGHT TO EXTRADATE
DUTY OR RIGHT TO COOPERATE IN PROSECUTION,
PUNISHMENT, ETC
8. ESTABLISHMENT OF CRIMINAL JURISDICTONAL BASIs
9. REFERENCE TO ESTABLISH AN ICC
10. ELIMINATION OF THE DEFENSE OF SUPERIOR ORDERS
UNSUR-UNSUR INTERNATIONAL
CRIMES
• A. UNSUR INTERNASIONAL
1.
2.
3.
1. DIRECT THREAT TO WORLD PEACE AND SECURITY
2. INDIRECT THREAT TO WORLD PEACE AND SECURITY
3. SHOCKING THE CONSIENCE OF HUMANITY
• B. UNSUR TRANSNASIONAL
o
o
o
1. CONDUCT AFFECTING MORE THAN ONE STATE
2. CONDUCT INCLUDING OR AFFECTING CITIZENS OF
MORE 3. THAN ONE STATE
4. MEANS AND METHODES TRANCEND NATIONAL
BOUNDARIES
• C. UNSUR NECESSITY
1. COOPERATIONS OF STATES TO ENFORCE
DASAR HUKUM
INTERNATIONAL CRIMES
• INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMARY LAW
o PIRACY,
WAR CRIMES, SLAVERY
• INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
o HIJACKING
• INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON
HUMAN RIGHTS
o GENOCIDE
PERBEDAAN INT CRIMES &
TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES
• BASSIOUNI:
o INTERNATIONAL
ELEMENTS
• ROMLI:
o THE
MOST SERIOUS CRIMES OF
INTERNATIONAL CONCERN
o YURISDICTION OF THE ICC
24 CATEGORIES OF
INTERNATIONAL CRIMES
• BASSIOUNI (DRAFT INT CRIMINAL CODE
1954) = 143 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
1812-1979:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
AGRESSION
WAR CRIMES
UNLAWFUL USE OF WEAPONS
GENOCIDE
CRIMES AGAINS HUMANITY
APHARTEID
SLAVERY AND RELATED CRIMES
TORTURE
9. UNLAWFUL MEDICAL EXPERIMENTATION
(AS WAR CRIMES)
10.PIRACY
11.CRIMES RELATING TO AIR
COMMUNICATIONS
12.THREAT AND USE OF FORCE AGAINST
INTERNATIONALLY PROTECTED PERSONS
13.TAKING CIVILIAN HOSTAGES
14.UNLAWFUL USE OF THE MAIL
15.DRUG OFFENCES FALSIFICATION AND
19.THEFT OF NATIONAL AND
ARCHEOLOGICAL TREASURES (IN TIME OF
WAR)
20.BRIBERY OF FOREIGN PUBLIC OFFICIALS
21.INTERFERRENCE WITH SUBMARINE
CABLES
22.INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN OBSCENE
PUBLICATIONS
23.THEFT OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
24.CRIMES AGAINTS ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
RATIONAE MATERIAE
STATUTA ROMA
• PASAL 5 AYAT (1):
o
o
o
o
GENOCIDE
CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY
WAR CRIMES
AGRESSION
• AYAT 2:
o
TERHADAP AGRESI, MAHKAMAH AKAN
MELAKSANAKAN YRUISDIKSI SETELAH SUATU
KETENTUAN TENTANG DEFINISI AGRESI
DITENTUKAN (Pasal 121 dan 123)