Origins of the Cold War How & why did we get into another war so quickly? Anticipatory Set “The Geography of Containment” Describe the meaning behind these cartoons. What is the point of view of each cartoon? What does containment mean? Why would the title be the same for each cartoon? Your Objectives • Explain the breakdown in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after WWII. • Summarize the steps taken to contain Soviet influence. • Describe how the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan deepened Cold War tensions. • Explain how conflicts over Germany increased fear of Soviet aggression. A difference of opinion The United States • Political system = Democracy • Economic system = Capitalism • Anger over alliance with Hitler – Stalin changed sides with Hitler’s invasion of S.U. • Anger over false promise of free elections The Soviet Union • Political system = Totalitarianism • Economic system = Communism • Anger over delay in attacking Germans in Europe • Anger over atomic bomb development A difference of opinion • The United Nations – peacekeeping body or a new arena of influence? • Potsdam Conference flops… – Reparations come from own occupation areas – Not good enough for U.S. and S.U. – U.S. wants access to Eastern Europe for raw materials and market for finished goods – S.U. wants claim to Eastern Europe to keep out future invasions • Leads to Cold War!! America Soviet Union Free elections No elections or fixed Democratic Autocratic / Dictatorship Capitalist Communist ‘Survival of the fittest’ Everybody helps everybody Richest world power Poor economic base Personal freedom Society controlled by the NKVD (secret police) Freedom of the media Total censorship TPS – Think, Pair, Share • Pg. 604 – Read Chart on U.S. and Soviet Aims • Think about some answers to Q’s below (you can jot them down) • Pair with a person wearing a similar color shirt (you can move to be with partner) • 1. Share your ideas with each other 2. Discuss how these aims are not compatible • 3. Whole class share/discuss But Why is Communism Bad? • Ideal: Public ownership and communal control of resources and means of production (everybody gets some); classless state • Reality: – Single party control with no dissent; – state controlled wages, prices, production=inefficient; – not the same standard of living (mass poverty) The Cold War & Containment • Hostility between United States & Soviet Union from 1945-1991 with no actual military conflict. • Take steps to prevent Communism from spreading. • Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech • Iron Curtain – the border between Western Europe (Democratic) and Eastern Europe (Communist) Deepening Tensions – Steps of Containment The Truman Doctrine The Marshall Plan NATO •Political step •Economic step •Military step •Support free peoples •Provide $ to ALL European nations •Support self determination •Rebuild infrastructure •Defensive military alliance •Prevent Communism •Stop hunger, poverty •Gave aid to Greece & Turkey •Gave aid to 16 nations Results: •Western Europe flourishes •Stalin refused aid! Geography Matters Struggle over Germany •The city of Berlin was divided just like Germany •West Berlin surrounded by Soviet territory •Stalin believed he could acquire W. Berlin by blockade-cutting off railroads & routes in for supplies •U.S. and British overcame blockade with Berlin Airlift – lasted almost a year before Stalin gave up •Backfired for Stalin •Boosted view of U.S. Recap & Assessment • Explain the breakdown in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after WWII. • Summarize the steps taken to contain Soviet influence. • Describe how the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan deepened Cold War tensions. • Explain how conflicts over Germany increased fear of Soviet aggression. • Exit Card – Describe one of these objectives using vocab and content discussed