COLD WAR:
THE WAR OF INFLUENCE
Ms. Humes
8th Period
Day 1: The Cold War Begins Objectives
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Trace the reasons that the wartime alliance between
the United States and the Soviet Union unraveled.
Explain how President Truman responded to Soviet
domination of Eastern Europe.
Describe the causes and results of Stalin’s blockade
of Berlin.
Essential Question:
 How
did the U.S. leaders respond to the threat of
Soviet expansion in Europe?
How did the goals of U.S. and Soviet
foreign policy differ after WWII?
Soviet Union
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
Wanted to increase
the influence and
extend communism;
Communist dictatorship
 People
couldn’t
worship as they
pleased, own private
property, or express
opinions freely
U.S.

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Limit communism
Rebuild the defeated
nations in Europe
Capitalist democracy
What events caused President Truman to propose
what became known as the Truman Doctrine?
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Greek & Turkish Governments
trying to keep communists from
taking over.
Truman wanted to send money to
support anti-communists efforts.
TRUMAN DOCTRINE:

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Promise to aid nations struggling
against communist movements
Truman from small town in
Missouri, was too poor to attend
college.
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Only president in the 20th century
without a college education.
Fighting in WWI started his
political career
Why did George Kennan think that containment
would work against Soviet expansion?

George Kennan
An American diplomat and leading authority on Soviet
Union at the time.
 His article, “The Sources of Soviet Conduct” presented the
blueprint for American policy of “containment”


Containment
While Stalin determined to expand Soviet empire, he would
not risk security of Soviet Union for expansion.
 Kennan thought Soviets would expand when it could do so
without serious risks.
 If the U.S. was patient in containing Soviet expansion, it
would win in the end.

What is the Marshall Plan?

George S. Marshall

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
Secretary of State
Unveiled a recovery plan for Europe at Harved University
Marshall Plan
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Premise: Without economic health, there can be no political stability and
no assured peace.
Over the next four years, U.S. gave $13 billion in grants and loans to
nations in Western Europe.
Provided food to reduce famine, fuel to heat houses and factories, and
money to jump-start economic growth
Provided a vivid example of how U.S. aid could serve both economic
and foreign policy.
Also helped American economy by increasing trade and promoted
positive political relations, especially against the spread of communism.
How did the Berlin Airlifts affect West German
attitudes toward the US and Great Britain?
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Soviet leader on West Berlin,
“bone in the throat”
Relative prosperity and freedom
contrasted Eastern Berlin
In June 1948, Stalin stopped all
highway, railway, and waterway
traffic from western Germany
into West Berlin. Without aid, W.
Berlin would fall to communists.
For more than a year, US and
British pilots flew around the
clock to deliver goods and other
vital supplies to W. Berliners.


Known as “BERLIN AIRLIFT”
Demonstrated how far U.S. would
go to stop spread of communism.
How did the United States and its allies
apply the containment policy in Europe
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America supported governments that
resisted communism, and it formed
NATO, whose goal was to counter
Soviet expansion.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO):
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Formed in 1949
Provided military alliance to counter
Soviet expansion.
12 European & North American
countries
Warsaw Pact
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Soviet counter to NATO
Consisted of all communist states of
Eastern Europe expect Yugoslavia
Pledged to defend one another if
attcked
Exit Ticket: Make a “Word Web” of the
reasons that led to the development of the
Cold War.
Beginning
of the
Cold War