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 Burning gasoline to power vehicles pollutes the air and causes smog
 Emissions from cars contribute to global warming
 You can help save the environment by using fuel more efficiently
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 Test different driving habits and see how YOU can save fuel to help the environment
 Check out new vehicle technologies and how they can improve fuel economy
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Internal Combustion Engine (Gas) Vehicles
 A mixture of gasoline and air powers the engine
 Engine emissions pollute the air
 Only about 14-26% of fuel energy is used – much of it is lost in the engine as heat http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/839/5104352.JPG
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Hybrid Vehicles
 They are powered by both an electric motor and a gasoline engine
 Regenerative braking turns vehicle kinetic energy into reusable electricity while braking
 Engine turns off when the car is stopped; restarts when the car moves http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/hybrid_diag.gif
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Electric Vehicles (EV)
 Rechargeable batteries provide power to an electric motor
 Less use of fossil fuels
 EVs convert over 80% of battery energy to power the wheels
 No exhaust gas!
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Energy Losses and Vehicle Efficiency:
Type of vehicle you drive
Your driving style
Amount of fuel used
There are a lot of reasons why a vehicle loses energy. Some of the main reasons are:
 Air resistance
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 Rolling resistance
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 Engine losses
 Driving style http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/madmaxer/madmaxer1001/madmaxer100100074/6304869-3d-illustration-of-generic-fuel-meter-over-black-background.jpg
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http://www.thedetroitbureau.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/2013-Chevrolet-Corvette-427-Convertible.jpg
More speed is the force of drag on the vehicle is the density of air is the speed of the vehicle relative to the air is the drag coefficient is the vehicle front area
 When driving at highway speeds, wind resistance takes about
40% of your car’s energy
 Air resistance is directly proportional to the square of the vehicle’s velocity
More energy lost
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is the force of rolling resistance is rolling resistance coefficient is the tire normal force
 Rolling resistance is related to the mass of the vehicle and the rolling coefficient
 Low tire pressure increases rolling resistance http://www.shopautoweek.com/content/dam/saw/article-images/low%20rolling%20resistance%20tires.jpg.sthumbnails.638.486.png
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Engine Losses
Engine speeds are measured by Rotation Per Minute or RPM
 By using less engine RPM, you can lower engine losses
 Engines need to breath! Keep engines’ air filters clean to save fuel http://www.procarcare.com/images/shar/encyclopedia/8852HP04.jpg
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Tips For Better Driving
 Drive slower to help lower air resistance
 Make sure your tire pressure is right. Low tire pressure increases fuel consumption
 Don’t drive aggressively! Try not to brake or accelerate more than you need to http://images.thecarconnection.com/lrg/2008-corvette-interior-jpg_100203910_l.jpg
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful for the financial support of Ontario Research
Fund and Automotive Partnership Canada for the development of this setup.
The contributions of Kevin Cochran, Mitch Rushton, Babak
Ebrahimi, Xiang Fang, and Adrian Neil have been significant in the design, fabrication and programming of this setup and are very appreciated.
Amir Khajepour, PhD, PEng
Professor and Canada Research Chair in
Mechatronic Vehicle Systems
Principal Investigator, Green Intelligent Transportation Systems – Green ITS
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