管
理
學
(MANAGEMENT)
交通大學 管理學院 運輸科技與管理學系
任維廉 William Jen, 2012
管 理 學
第一章 管理與組織之基礎簡介
First, make yourself a reputation for being a
creative genius.
Second, surround yourself with partners who
are better than you.
Third, leave them to get on with it.
—David Ogilvy
What is manager, management, organization?
定義最難！
MBA? EMBA?
Master of Business Administration
英文版 textbook？
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綱 要
1.1 Why are Managers Important?
1.2 Who are Managers? Where do they Work?
1.3 What Do Managers Do?
1.4 How is the Manager’s Job Changing?
1.5 Why Study Management?
 (1.6 How Study Management? )
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1.1 WHY ARE MANAGERS IMPORTANT?
1. Organizations need their managerial skills
and abilities more than ever in these
uncertain, complex, and chaotic times.
2. Managerial skills and abilities are critical in
getting things done.
3. The quality of the employee/supervisor
relationship is the most important variable in
productivity and loyalty.
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1.2 WHO ARE MANAGERS?
Top
1. 定義 (definition)
2. 層級 (pyramid level)
Middle
Firstline
Non-managerial
討論: 1. 分科：產銷人發財（企業功能）
2. CEO (Chief Executive Officer)
3. The Peter Principle
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升遷哲學（一）
by 好友 廣平兄
基層爬升靠努力，
中階突圍憑關係，
高來高去是政治，
下台背影須美麗。
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The Peter Principle:
Why things always go wrong?
In a hierarchy, every employee tends
to rise to his level of incompetence.
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Peter’s Corollary
In time, every post tends to be occupied
by an employee who is incompetent
to carry out its duties.
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1. 原因：...... always reward good work with
promotion to a more senior job, and
rarely punish bad work with demotion.
2. 有何負面影響？對員工個人，對組織。
3. 解決之道？員工個人，組織。
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升遷哲學（二）
參考柳傳志的說法
基層爬升：責任感，
中階突圍：上進心，
層峰考量：企圖心，
下台背影仍須美麗。
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WHO ARE MANAGERS?

類比：
 明星 or 導演? 千里馬 or 伯樂?
 專精一技之長 or 整合者(通才)?
 將帥無能，累死三軍?

定義：
1. 針對顧客需要，整合公司資源及人才，（提出新
方向）創造價值的人。
2. Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of
other people so that organizational goals can be
accomplished.
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WHERE DO MANAGERS WORK?
ORGANIZATION!
 An

Organization Defined
A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish
some specific purpose (that individuals independently
could not accomplish alone).
 Common



Characteristics of Organizations
Have a distinct purpose (goal), 獨特目的
Composed of people, 由人組成
Have a deliberate structure, 精巧結構
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THE CHANGING ORGANIZATION

Traditional organization:
*stable, inflexible,
*work is defined by job positions, permanent jobs,
*individual-oriented, command-oriented, rule- oriented……

Contemporary organization:
*dynamic, flexible,
*work is defined in terms of tasks to be done, temporary jobs,
*team-oriented, involvement-oriented, customer-oriented……
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1.3 WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?
What is Management? 定義最難！

溝通協調：整合團隊，連結資源

做人做事，分工合作

群策群力，以竟事功

更精簡的？
由人視事
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WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
Definition:
1.
Getting things done through and with people.
2.
coordinating and overseeing the work activities of
others so that their activities are completed efficiently
and effectively.
* I’m the best! Vs. We are the best!
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MANAGERIAL CONCERNS
 Efficiency

效率
“Doing things right”

Getting the most output for the least inputs
 Effectiveness

效能
“Doing the right things”

Attaining organizational goals
討論：doing the right things right.
－doing a few right things right－
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FUNCTIONAL APPROACH
Henri Fayol, Harold Koontz

Planning
 Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals,
developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.

Organizing
 Arranging and structuring work to accomplish
organizational goals.

Leading
 Working with and through people to accomplish goals.

Controlling
 Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work.
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SKILLS NEEDED AT DIFFERENT
MANAGEMENT LEVELS: 由技入道
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1.4 HOW IS THE MANAGER’S JOB
CHANGING?
Changing Technology (Digitization)
 Increased Emphasis on Organizational and Managerial
Ethics
 Increased Competitiveness
 Increased Security Threats
 Generation Y employees

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1.5 WHY STUDY MANAGEMENT?
1. Universality of Management: The reality that
management is needed.
2. The reality of work: Employees either manage or are
managed.
3. Rewards and challenges of being a manager.
討論：
1. 為何這麼多人申請 Harvard MBA? EDP?
2. 「非線性」的人生
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(1.6 How Study Management? )
1. Come to class,
2.Read the material,
3. Do your assignment: 10組
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Do your assignment:
INTERNET-BASED EXERCISE
1. To be a manager (p.50):
find five Master Managers, e.g. Bill Gates, Warren Buffet,
李嘉誠，蔡鴻圖，郭台銘，張忠謀，施振榮，
David Ogilvy (奧美廣告) , Charles Schwab (嘉信理
財), Richard Branson (維京航空), Louis Gerstner
(IBM), Jack Welch (GE)……
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回
顧
1. 定義：organization, management
2. 區分：first-line, middle, top manager
3. Management VS. Business functions
4. Technical, Human, Conceptual skills
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TERMS TO KNOW
manager
 management
 efficiency
 effectiveness
 planning
 organizing
 leading
 controlling

technical skills
 human skills
 conceptual skills
 organization

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