The Story of Eli Whitney
• Creates technology that makes it possible use
interchangeable parts.
• Before- 300 guns per year.
• After -2000 guns per year.
Section 1: Regional Economies Create
Differences
The Factory System & Mass Production
The American Industrial Revolution
Social and Economic changes in
The U.S.
So How Did the Industrial Revolution
Happen in America
England
Industrialized
The Embargo
Act of 1807
War of 1812
The
American
Industrial
Revolution
The North
• New England industrialized
• Most farms were small, family run.
• In the Northwest they grew grains
and livestock which needed no
slaves.
Sectionalism:
Northern Leaders
• Daniel Webster,
Massachusetts
• J.Q. Adams,
Massachusetts
• Martin Van Buren, New
York
The South
• The Cotton gin makes cotton
profitable.
• Plantation owners bought more
land and slaves to increase profits.
• 1820: LA, MS, AL are “the Cotton
Kingdom”
• Slavery expanded from 700,000 to
1,200,000.
Sectionalism:
Southern
Leaders
• John C. Calhoun,
South Carolina
• William Crawford,
Georgia
The West
Sectionalism:
Western Leaders
• Andrew Jackson,
Tennessee
• William Henry Harrison,
Indiana
• Henry Clay, Kentucky
• Thomas Hart Benton ,
Missouri
The American System,
Nationalistic Economic Program
• Henry Clay Speaker
of the House
• Tariff of 1816
• Second bank of the
US 1816-1836
• Internal
improvements at
the federal expense
The American System,
Nationalistic Economic Program
• Henry Clay (1777 - 1852)
• US Senator from Kentucky
• Speaker of the US House of
Representatives (Kentucky)
• Secretary of State under
John Quincy Adams
• Perennial Presidential Loser
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Lost to President John Quincy
Adams in 1824,
Lost to President Andrew
Jackson in 1832
Lost to President James K. Polk
in 1844
Clay’s American System
• Proposed to help America
stronger and to unite the
regions.
• 3 steps:
• Develop Transportation
• Create a protective tariff
• Resurrect the National Bank
• Transportation:
• Erie Canal
• The National Road
• Tariff of 1816
• Cheap British goods
• Tariff raises their prices.
• Not as popular in the South
• National Bank
• Supported by all sides to improve
the economy.
The National [Cumberland] Road
Section 2:
• Gibbons v. Ogden
• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Fletcher v. Peck
• Dartmouth v. Woodward
Thomas
Gibbons
Aaron Ogden
• What was it? A challenge of the U.S. Bank by the
State of Maryland
• Who was it between? The State of Maryland and the
U.S. Government
• What did it concern? The right of the U.S. Bank to
“exist”
• What was the outcome? The U.S. Government is
Supreme
-Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States
(BUS) was in question
Bank not SPECIFICALLY mentioned in the
Constitution
“The power to tax is the power to destroy”
• What was it? An attempt by the State of New
Hampshire to make Dartmouth College “public”.
• Who was it between? The State of New Hampshire (
rep. by the Sec’y of the NEW Bd. Of Trustees) and the
Board of Trustees of the Dartmouth College
• What did it concern? Contract Law
• What was the outcome? Contracts cannot be
overturned by outside parties – Contract Clause
• What was it? : One of the first cases where the
Supreme court overturned a state law.
• Who was it between? : Two private citizens
• What did it concern? : Georgia sold land (Peck).
Later when corruption was discovered, they overturned
the sale. Fletcher bought land from Peck and sued.
• What was the outcome? : The Supreme court said that
the state had no right to overturn the sale.
• New Hampshire wanted to alter Dartmouth Charter
from private to public college
• Ruled that states could not alter contracts, regardless
of age or condition of when contract was made
• Created the need to place clauses in contracts for
revision or revocation
Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy
• John Q. Adams ( Secretary of State) had very
nationalistic policies.
• Adams-Onis Treaty
• Convention of 1818
• Rush-Bagot Treaty
• Monroe Doctrine
Adams – Onis Treaty 1817-1819
• What was it? Transfer of Florida
• Who was it between? Spain and the U.S.
• What did it concern? Seminole Indians
• What was the outcome? The U.S got Florida
The Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 “The Transcontinental Treaty”
Rush-Bagot Treaty
Rush-Bagot Treaty 1817
What was it?: Disarmament Pact
Who was it between?: Great Britain and the U.S.
What did it concern?: The Great Lakes Region
What was the outcome?: Created the Longest
unfortified/peaceful border in the world
Convention of 1818
Convention of 1818
• What was it? Further improved relations between the U.S.
and Great Britain
• Who was it between? U.S. & Great Britain
• What did it concern?
• 1. Fishing Rights
• 2. Joint occupation of the Oregon Country
• 3. Set boundary at the 49th Parallel
• What was the outcome? Great Peace between the U.S. and
Great Britain
The Convention of 1818
The West and N.W. 1816-1824
US Population Density
1810
1820
The Election
The Monroe Doctrine
• What was it? A unilateral decree that the U.S. had the
right to REFUSE European expansion into the Western
Hemisphere
• Who was it between? The U.S. & Europe
• What did it concern? Further European Imperialism
• What was the outcome? European nations NEVER
violated it
Missouri Compromise 1820
• What was it? A dilemma over admission of Missouri
( a slave state) when there was no Free-State available.
• Who was it between? Northern and Southern factions
in Congress
• What did it concern? Maintaining the balance
between Slave and Free States
• What was the outcome? The “balance” is maintained
The Missouri Compromise
• Before 1818 there were 10 slave and 10 free states.
• Illinois would have made it 11 Free and 10 slave.
• Why even care?
• Alabama was admitted to keep the balance.
• Missouri was ready for admission… led to fighting.
• Compromise gave Maine (Free) and Missouri (Slave) statehood.
• Drew a line (36’ 30). Lands north (Free) Lands south (Slave).
• This solved the issue for the next 20 years.
Picture!
"This momentous question, like a fire-bell in the night, awakened and filled
me with terror. I considered it at once as the death knell of the Union ... my
only consolation is to be, that I live not to weep over it."
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Era of Good Feelings
Eli Whitney, Mass Production, Cotton Gin
The American Industrial Revolution
Economic system in the North
Economic system in the South
The American System
Gibbons v. Ogden
McCulloch v. Maryland
Fletcher v. Peck
Dartmouth v. Woodward
Adams-Onis Treaty
Convention of 1818
Rush-Bagot Treaty
Monroe Doctrine
Missouri Compromise