Communication
Is a process of sharing and conveying
messages or information from one person
to another within and across channels,
contexts, media, and cultures (McCornack,
2014)
Nature of Communication
Communication is a process
Communication occurs between two or more
people
Communication can be expressed through written
or spoken words, actions (nonverbal), or both
spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same
time.
Elements of Communication
Communication is divided into elements which helps us better
understand its mechanics or process. These elements are the following.
Speaker
Message
Encoding
Channel
Decoding
Receiver
Feedback
Context
Barrier
Process of Communication
Example
The speaker generates an idea.
Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, as a friend.
The speaker encodes an idea or converts
the idea into words or actions.
The speaker transmits or sends out a
message.
The receiver gets the message.
The receiver decodes or interprets the
message based on the context.
The receiver sends or provides feedback.
She thinks of how to tell him using their native
language.
She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang
kaibigan.”
Rico hear what Daphne says.
He tries to analyze what she means based on
the content and their relationship, and he is
heartbroken.
He frown and does not say something,
because he is in pain.
TYPES of Communication
Intrapersonal
Intrapersonal
communication
involves talking to yourself.
It may involve deliberation,
where you think about your
decisions
or
possible
courses of action.
TYPES of Communication
Interpersonal
Interpersonal
communication
involves talking to one or a
limited number of people.
TYPES of Communication
Interpersonal
Dyad – is an interpersonal
communication between two
people.
TYPES of Communication
Interpersonal
Small group – is an interpersonal
communication
between
three or more people.
TYPES of Communication
Public Communication
Involves communicating to a
wide group of people with
very
varied
traits,
background, interests and
persuasions.
TYPES of Communication
Intercultural
Involves communicating with
person of group of people who
may
not
share
same
assumptions,
values
allegiances as that of yours
and
may
have different
associations with the symbols
you take for granted for having
a particular meaning.
MODELS OF Communication
Shannon-Weaver Model
 Known
as
the
mother
of
all
communication models, the ShannonWeaver
model
(1949)
depicts
communication as a linear or one-way
process consisting of five elements: a
source (producer of message); a
transmitter (encoder of message into
signals); a channel (signals adapted for
transmission); a receiver (decoder of
message
from
the
signal);
and
destination.
Channel
MODELS OF Communication
Transaction Model
 Unlike the Shannon-Weaver Model,
which is a one-way process, the
Transaction Model is a two-way process
with the inclusion of feedback as one
element.
Exercise (Group)
Study the diagram below. It represents the Schramm Model.
 Schramm (1954) modified the
Shannon-Weaver Model. What
has Schramm added to the
Shannon-Weaver Model? Is the
new model more comprehensive?
Why do you think so? How is it
different from or similar to the
Transaction Model?
MODELS OF Communication
Jakobson’s Model
 Roman Jakobson’s model has six
components:
Addresser
Addressee
Context
Message
Contact
Code
MODELS OF Communication
Saussure’s Model
Ferdinand Saussure, considered as
the Father of Modern Synchronic
Linguistic, describes a model in
which a concept in the brain triggers
a sound pattern in the brain.
MODELS OF Communication
Berlo’s Model
 In 1960, David K. Berlo
published El Proceso de la
Communicacion
(The
Process of Communication)
in which he described his
SMCR
model
of
communication.
MODELS OF Communication
Nida’s Model
 Eugene
NIda’s
model
includes an element of noise.
He also talks about a special
message called feedback.
MODELS OF Communication
Berg’s Discussion of Four Model’s
 The linear, conduit model
 The circular, dialogic model
 The feedback, interaction
model
 The self-regulatory model
 The linear model, focuses on the
conduit or channel.
 The circular or dialogic model gives a
more role for the receiver.
 The feedback or interaction model
tries to think of messages beyond
what is intentionally given by the
sender.
 The self-regulatory model focuses on
what the senders and receivers get
from the environment.
BARRIERS OF Communication
 There
are
instances
when
miscommunication
and
misunderstanding occur because of
certain barriers. To become an
effective communicator, you should
recognize these barriers that hinder
the communication process. This
will enable you to control the
situation, reset conditions and start
anew.
BARRIERS OF Communication
The table below presents some barriers to effective communication with
corresponding solutions.
Effective Communication skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Give them the impression that
you’re enthusiastic about talking to
them.
Ask open-ended questions about
their interests.
Adapt to their body language and
feelings.
Show them approval: Tell them what
you admire about them and why.
Listen attentively to everything they
say.
6. Give them the right amount of eye
contact.
Reveal as much about yourself as
possible.
8. Give the impression that you
are on the same team.
9. Give them your best smile.
10. Offer helpful suggestions.
11. Give them encouragement.
12. Appear to have a slightly
higher energy level than the other
person.
13. Say their name in a way that is
pleasing to their ears.
14. Offer to take the relationship a
step further.
Group Work
 Make a table comparing the different
types of communication in terms of
purpose, opportunity, or requirement
for clarification, context, or any basis
you come up with.
Individual Activity
 Come up with a model of
communication. Make a drawing
that shows your model of
communication. Include short
description of the components of
your model. Mention any special
feature or characteristics of your
model.
Quiz Time!!!
Identify the following:
1. What is Communication?
2-3. Give atleast two nature of
communication
4. The process of converting the
message into words, actions, or other
forms that the speaker understand.
5. The environment where the
communication takes place.
6. The process of interpreting the
encoded message of the speaker by the
receiver.
7. Involves communicating with person
of group of people who may not share
same assumptions, values allegiances
as that of yours and may have different
associations with the symbols you take
for granted for having a particular
meaning.
8. Involves talking to one or a limited
number of people.
9. Involves communicating to a wide
group of people with very varied traits,
background, interests and persuasions.
10. Involves talking to yourself.
Quiz Time!!!
Choose the correct answer:
11. Known as the mother of all
communication models
a. Transaction Model
b. Saussure’s Model
c. Shannon-Weaver Model
d. Nida's Model
12. This Model is a two-way process with the
inclusion of feedback as one element.
a. Transaction Model
b. Saussure’s Model
c. Shannon-Weaver Model
d. Nida's Model
13. A model in which a concept in the
brain triggers a sound pattern in the
brain.
a. Shannon-Weaver Model
b. Nida's Model
c. Transaction Model
d. Saussure’s Model
14. This model includes an element of
noise. He also talks about a special
message called feedback.
a. Shannon-Weaver Model
b. Nida's Model
c. Transaction Model
d. Saussure’s Model
Quiz Time!!!
15. Which of the following shows the
Berlo's Model.
a.
b.
c.
d.
(Effective Communication Skills)
True or False.
16. Do not give the impression that
you are on the same team.
17. Ask open-ended questions about
their interests.
(Barriers of Communication)
18. Lack of interest is one barriers of
communication
19. Quiet environment is a factor
that
affects
the
flow
of
communication.
20. What is my COMPLETE NAME?