Organic Compounds &
Carbohydrates
Organic Molecules
• All contain at least one carbon atom
• Carbon forms four covalent bonds
• Likes to bond with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,
and other carbons!
Organic Molecules
What type of bond is present in all of these
structures?
C-H Bonds!!
Making Molecules
What are Monomers?
Single units that make up larger polymers
Like links in a chain!
What are Polymers?
Made by linking together many
monomers
The CHAIN itself!
Linking Monomers
Dehydration Synthesis
What occurs in dehydration?
Water is Lost
What does synthesis mean?
To build
So dehydration synthesis removes a water
molecule to build a polymer!!
Dehydration Synthesis
Unlinking Monomers
Hydrolysis
What does hydro
mean?
Water
What does lysis
mean?
To break apart
So Hydrolysis uses water to break apart polymers!
Hydrolysis
• What is the purpose of hydrolysis?
To break apart glucose for energy!
Occurs in
DIGESTION!!!
Carbohydrates – How They’re Made
Made up of C, H, O,
Carbohydrates – How they’re Made
What does the name carbohydrate mean?
“Carbo” from Carbon (C)
“Hydrate” from Water (H2O)
What are the monomers of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharides
What does mono mean?
What is a saccharide?
One Sugar or Simple Sugar!
Carbohydrates – How they’re Made
• Many monosaccharides are
isomers of each other
Different structural
formula
• So what are isomers?
Compounds with the same
molecular formula (same
number of atoms) but
different structural formula
Same molecular
What is the ratio of
carbons:hydrogens:oxygen?
1:2:1
Carbohydrates – How they’re Made
If a monosaccaride is one sugar, what are
Disaccharides?
Sugars made up of two monosaccarides
• Formed through dehydration synthesis
Two Monosaccharides
Disaccharide
Table
Sugar
What’s happening here?
Carbohydrates – How they’re Made
• What are Polysaccarides?
Many sugars! AKA Complex Carbohydrates
Includes:
Starch
Glygogen
Celluose
Animals consume and break down
starch to obtain glucose
Used for energy (ATP) storage in plants
Animals break down glycogen to
obtain quick energy(ATP) from
glucose
Used for energy (ATP) storage in animals
Cellulose has a different type of bond. The long chains of monomers
actually link to each other.
Primary structural molecule in plants. Cell Walls!!
Animals cannot break it down- this
is the fiber in your diet!