Mr. B: Health 2
Chapter 23 Lesson 1 Notes
Today’s Objectives:
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Explain how a communicable disease occurs.
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Explain the difference between bacteria and a virus.
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Describe at least 2 ways pathogens can be spread through direct contact.
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Describe 2 ways pathogens can be spread through indirect contact.
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List different times in which you should wash your hands.
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List 3 prevention strategies that reduce the risk for getting or spreading communicable diseases.
Lesson 1: Understanding Communicable Diseases
Big Idea: Learning about __________________________ diseases and how they spread can help you ____________________ them.
Understanding the Causes of Communicable Diseases

Main Idea: Communicable diseases are caused by several kinds of _____________________________.
o
If you have ever “_________________” an illness from someone before, you __________________ a communicable disease.
o
Communicable diseases, also known as ___________________________ and infectious diseases, occur when _______________________
enter your body.

o
If your body does not fight off the ________________ quickly and successfully, you develop an _____________________.

o
Def: A disease that is spread from one living _______________________ to another or through the environment
Def: A condition that occurs when pathogens in the body _____________________ and damage body cells
Viruses

Two of the most ____________ communicable diseases—the _____________ and the ____________—are caused by
_____________________.
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
o
Bacteria
Def: A piece of ___________________ material surrounded by a ____________________ coat
A virus _________________________ living cells

The virus then begins to multiply.

The virus starts taking over other _________________.

_____________________ sets in.

The body’s ___________________ system ____________________ into action.

Usually the virus is _________________ by the immune system.
Mr. B: Health 2
Chapter 23 Lesson 1 Notes

__________________ live almost everywhere on _______________.

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Def: ___________________-celled microorganisms
Most bacteria are ___________________. Some are even ________________________, like the ones that help you
___________________ food.

Unfortunately, some bacteria do cause _______________________.

Disease-causing bacteria can produce ______________________.

Def: Substances that kill cells or ______________________ with their functions

__________________ do _____________ work against ____________________.

A ____________________ disease can often be treated with antibiotics. However, some bacteria have become
____________________ to antibiotics as they have evolved.
o
Other Pathogens

___________________: Plantlike organisms that can cause diseases of the lungs, the mucous membranes, and the skin

___________________: Single-celled microorganisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria

Rickettsias: Microorganisms that enter the body through ___________________ bites
How Diseases Spread

Main Idea: Diseases can be __________________________ in a variety of ways.
o

Direct Contact
o

Knowing how diseases are transmitted is your first line of __________________ against them.
How Pathogens Spread

Direct ________________________ with an infected person

_______________________ wounds

_______________________

Contact with an infected ________________________
Indirect Contact
o
You don’t have to be in ___________________ contact with a person to become ______________________.
o
Indirect contact can be just as ______________________.
o
_______________________ Objects

If you touch a contaminated object, you could pick up ________________________.

To protect yourself, keep your ____________________ away from your _________________, nose, and eyes, and
_____________________ your hands regularly.
o
Vectors

Pathogens are often spread by a vector. ____________________ that spread this way are called vector-borne diseases.

o
Def: An organism that carries and __________________ pathogens to humans or other animals
Contaminated Food and Water

When ________________ is improperly ____________________ or stored, harmful bacteria can develop.

________________ supplies that become contaminated with human or animal feces can also cause illnesses such as
______________________ A.
o
Airborne Transmission

When an infected person ________________ or coughs, pathogens are released into the air as tiny droplets that can travel as far as
_____________ feet.

Other pathogens such as fungal spores are also small enough to spread this way.
Taking Precautions

Main Idea: You can take steps to _____________________ infection.
o

A few simple practices can dramatically ___________________________ your risk of contracting communicable diseases.
Wash Your Hands
o
When to Wash Your Hands
Mr. B: Health 2
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
Chapter 23 Lesson 1 Notes
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Before you _________________________
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After you use the ____________________
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After handling ____________________
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Before and after inserting ___________________ lenses or applying makeup
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After touching an ____________________ handled by an infected person
Protect Yourself from Vectors
o
Limit the time you spend ________________ at dawn and dusk, when ______________________ are most active.
o
Wear pants and long-sleeved shirts to avoid insect ___________________.
o
Use insect _________________, and avoid contact with _________________ birds.
Other Prevention Strategies
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Avoid sharing ___________________ items, such as eating _______________________.
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Handle __________________ properly.
o
Eat well and ______________________.
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Avoid _____________________, alcohol, and other drugs.
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Abstain from _______________________ contact.
o
Cover your ___________________ when you cough or sneeze, and wash your hands after using a ___________________.