The era of Good Feelings
1817-1825
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Spirit of Nationalism in US
•patriotism or national oneness
•Country is united, confident, and growing
•1791-1819, 9 states joined the original 13.
•National Bank
•Jackson’s invasion of FL
•Adams’s assertive diplomacy
One political party---Republican party
Respect from Europe
Monroe first president to visit all states.
Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good
Feelings” had began.
•But, time period was not free of problems.
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Cultural Nationalism
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Patriotic themes infused every aspect of American society from
books and paintings of Revolutionary heroes to Noah
Webster’s blue-backed speller that promoted patriotism
Economic Nationalism
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Running parallel with cultural nationalism was a political
movement to support the growth of the nation’s economy-------AMERICAN SYSTEM
Political Nationalism
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Movement to bring about the support for national government
over the states. Supreme court decisions support the concept
of national government over the states.
Election of 1816
Election of 1820
James Monroe
1817-1825
The Westward Push
Reasons for Westward
Movement
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Population shift from the east to the West
Acquisition of Native Americans’ lands
Land easy to obtain
Economic pressures
Improved transportation
Immigration
Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)
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Naval Disarmament
between Great Britain
and the US on the Great
Lakes
Richard Rush
The Convention of 1818
Convention of 1818
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Joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for 10 years
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Northern boundary of the LA Territory set at the 49th
parallel
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Shared fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland
Andrew jackson & Expansion
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8/1814: Treaty of Fort Jackson
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Creeks (including allies) forced to give 22 million acres
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Cherokee land included
Treaty of Ghent
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land would be returned to Indians
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Jackson refused; Madison didn’t want to cross popular
hero
Many Creeks move into FL
Jackson & FL
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Seminole Indians,
runaway slaves and
white outlaws conducted
raids into US territory
and retreated to safety
into FL
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Dec 1817
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Jackson ordered to
cross into FL and
attack Seminoles but
no Spanish forts even
if housed Seminoles
First Seminole
War 1817-18
Jackson & FL
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Sec. of War Calhoun wanted Jackson court martialed
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Sec. of State J. Q. Adams (in Spain) supported Jackson
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Use Jackson’s action to his advantage to get Spain to
sell FL
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Brits don’t press issue (trade)
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Speaker of the House Clay introduces censure motion in
Congress
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
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Spain agreed:
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to give all of FL to US
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on border of CA
US agreed:
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to pay $5 million
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to give up territorial claim to Texas
US Population Density
1810
1820
Monroe’s Presidency
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Continued Madison’s programs and policy
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Tariff
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Internal improvements (with amendment)
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Sought to be president for all ppl
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End party divisions
Problem:
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All ambitious politicians joined the Republican party
Nationalism
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Required country to become
economically integrated in order to avoid
regional conflicts
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The American System
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2nd Bank of the US
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Tariff of 1816
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Internal Improvements at federal
Expense
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National Road
New Roads & Canals
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National Road: From Cumberland, VA to Illinois
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Erie Canal: funded by New York State
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Started a canal building boom
SECTIONALISM
U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each
trying to promote their self-interest.
NORTHEAST
SOUTH
•Cotton-growing
•Business
and
Economy
John C. Calhoun
Manufacturing
Leader
Daniel Webster
_______________
_______________
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•Opposed tariffs
•Wanted Tariffs
Role of
and government
Government •Backed internal
improvements
spending on
End to cheap public
American System
land
•Increasingly
•Increasingly
supportive of states’
nationalistic
rights
•Against Slavery and
believed the U.S. Govt.
•Pro-slavery and
must abolish it.
opposed any steps of
WEST
•Frontier agriculture
Henry Clay
______________
•Supported internal
improvements and
American System.
•Wanted cheap land
•Loyal to the U.S.
Govt.
•Against slavery but
some supported
letting the people
decide the slavery
issue
SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES
NORTHEAST
•Business and
Economy
Manufacturing
Leader
Daniel Webster
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__________ •Wanted Tariffs
Role of
•Backed internal
Government improvements
•Wanted end to
cheap public land
•Increasingly
nationalistic
•Against Slavery
and believed the
U.S. Govt. must
abolish it.
SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES
SOUTH
•Cotton growing
Economy
•John C. Calhoun
Leader
_____________
__________ •Opposed tariffs
and government
Role of
spending on
Government American System
•Increasingly
supportive of
states’ rights
•Pro-slavery and
opposed any steps
of the U.S. Govt.
to try and abolish
it.
SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES
Economy
Leader
__________
Role of
Government
WEST
•Frontier
agriculture
•Henry Clay
_____________
•Supported
internal
improvements
•Wanted
landcheap
•Loyal
to the
U.S. Govt.
•Against
slavery
but
some
supported
letting
the
decide
the people
slavery
issue
Slavery and Missouri
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1st piece of LA Territory to apply for statehood
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Threatened balance of power in Senate (11 free/11 slave)
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The Tallmadge Amendment
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prohibited the further introduction of slaves into Missouri
All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state
would be freed at the age of 25.
Passed by the House, not in the Senate.
The North controlled the House, and the South had enough
power to block it in the Senate.
Seen by Southerners as attempt to deprive white ppl of
Missouri of their constitutional equality
Missouri Compromise
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Henry Clay won majority support for 3 bills
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Missouri to be admitted as a slave state
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Maine to be admitted as a free state
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In the rest of LA Territory north of latitude 36 30’, slavery
prohibited
Impact of the Compromise
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No emancipation against the wish of
white majority
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States to be admitted in pairs
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The breakup of Republican party
along sectional lines
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Senate became more powerful
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Enhanced reputation of Henry Clay
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Southern solidarity
Southern Fears
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Prospect of North uniting and using greater pop. to force a
resolution to slavery problem upon the South
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threatened emancipation
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united North could use its power to promote its economic
interests
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stronger federal govt = the greater the potential danger
if it fell under hostile northern control
•Claimed by the US, Great Britain and
Russia
•Russia was claiming California too
Monroe Doctrine
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Russia, France, Austria and Prussia
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against republics and democracies
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Would they help Spain?
Joint US-British warning to European powers not to
intervene in SOuth America?
JQA: We should go it alone
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Joint action would limit US expansion in hemisphere in
future
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IF US acts alone, Britain would stand behind the US
policy
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No European power would go to war in S.A.. British navy
would defeat them.
Monroe agreed with Adams
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
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European powers not tin
interfere with “American
continents”
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“by the free and independent
condition which they have
assumed and maintain, are
henceforth not to be considered
as subjects for future
colonization by any European
power.”
• Referred to as America’s Self
Defense Doctrine.
• It is a continuation of President
Washington’s neutrality and
isolationist policies.
• Past problems with Europe led
the US to declare the Americas
off-limits to Europe
US recognized
existing
European
Colonies
US will stay out
of European
affairs
Monroe
Doctrine
US protector of new
democracies in the
Western Hemisphere
No European
Colonization in the
Americas
Election of 1824:
The “Corrupt Bargain”
Candidate
Popular Vote
Electoral Vote
Andrew Jackson
43%
99
J.Q. Adams
31%
84
William
Crawford
13%
41
Henry Clay
13%
37
Election goes to the House
The Corrupt Bargain
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SOH Clay backs Adams
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House elects Adams
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Adams appoints Clay as Sec. of
State
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Jackson supporters cry “corrupt
bargain”
John Q. Adams
(1825-1829)
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One of the hardest workers and
intellectuals ever in W.H.
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Promoted manufacturing, agriculture,
arts, literature and science
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Lacked the “common touch”
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Refused to play politics