T HE E RA OF G OOD F EELINGS
American Nationalism

After the War of 1812, a strong sense of
pride (nationalism) swept the US.

In the last two years of President James
Monroe’s presidency, leaders attempted
to bind the nation together (American
System)

There was only ONE major political party
(Federalist were gone)
J AMES M ONROE
1817-1825

Democrat Republican

Only one dominant
political party=
Democrat-Republicans

National Pride after
War of 1812

America starts to look
inward-Unity??
N ATIONALISM

Economic Nationalism

Henry Clay’s American System

Second Bank – to be created

Tariffs – Tariff of 1816 – 1st tariff strictly
for protectionism

Improved roads & canals (infrastructure)
–Monroe vetoed certain improvementsnot enumerated power!

States and private companies will build
most infrastructure (roads) in America.
Judicial NATIONALISM

Judicial


John Marshall (Chief Justice) – 3
landmark rulings

Martin v Hunter’s Lessee- Supreme
Court ruled it could hear cases from
state level.

McCulloch v Maryland- state’s may not
interfere with a federal government agency

Gibbons v Ogden- federal government
regulates interstate commerce-not states!
These all made the Supreme Court stronger or
the federal government stronger (than states)
W HAT TERRITORY DID THE A DAMS
O NIS T REATY GIVE THE US?
32
Louisiana
2. Florida
3. Ohio
4. Texas
1.
0
N ATIONALISM

Diplomatic (Foreign Policy)

Secretary of State
John Quincy Adams

Expand the borders

Adams-Onis Treaty – Spain ceded all of
Florida to the US

Rush-Bagot Treaty – demilitarized the
Great Lakes (US & Britain)

Convention of 1818 –treaty between US
& Britain; joint occupation of Oregon.
Monroe Doctrine: the American continents
are now off limits to European colonization!
Internal
Improvements

Transportation

The National Road (Cumberland Road) 1st major roadway built
by US government; 620 miles long between Potomac & Ohio
Rivers. (1830’s)—only federal funded road project in that time.

Toll Roads

Canals – The Erie Canal (1825)- 363 miles long; joined NY &
Atlantic with Great Lakes

Steam Boats – Robert Fulton/Robert Livingston=Clermont

Steam Locomotives – Iron Horse – Peter Cooper – pushed the
settling of the West; made settlement of the west possible.
Industrial Revolution

1st Industrial Revolution- began
in Britain in mid-1700’s

Francis Lowell – 1st factory (1814) – textile
mill in Mass.; used women & children
workers.

Technological Advances

Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin – effected the
growth of the Cotton Kingdom

Samuel Morse – Telegraph & Morse code

Interchangeable Parts – large quantities of
identical parts which are then put into
products – these parts can interchange
between two of the same product
Characteristics of the
Industrial Revolution

Moved from hand tools –skilled artisan to
machines ran by unskilled workers

Manufacturers could sale products nationally not
just by region
Why America was ready for the
Industrial Revolution by the
early 1800’s?

Free Enterprise existed here-encouraged
investment, entrepreneurship= industrialization.

Capital existed-no income or corporate taxes

States allowed companies to form corporations=
sale shares of stock, limited liability

Northeast had rivers that provided hydropower
C HANGES

Large Cities Grew – factories drew
people from farms, immigrants; by 1860
eight cities had 100,000 or more.

Labor Unions evolved

Family Farm – still important

Rise of the Cotton Kingdom – expansion
into southwest

Settling of the West – result of the
Railroads
Life in Northern
Cities

As cities grew because of the industrial revolution, many problems
developed: crime, overcrowding, public health problems.

Cities established police & fire departments

Poor sanitation caused illness & death until cities developed sewer
systems, garbage disposal, and medical innovation in the late 1800’s.

Men headed the household, women in middle income families were to
stay at home.

Higher education for women (1830’s)

Public schools did not exist in many cities, attendance optional, middle
& upper class boys attended.

Cities were a haven for run a way slaves

Farms remained the main economic activity in the US (ENTIRE FAMILY
worked).
Labor Unions

Industrial boom created a new type of worker= factory worker
(1.3 million by 1860)

Workers began to form “Labor Unions”.

Early on, most unionized workers were skilled workers in
printing or shoemaking.

Pushed for 10 hour day & higher wages.

Tactics: Strikes (work stoppage).

Courts usually ruled against demands of workers

1840- Federal employees granted the 10 hour workday

1842- Commonwealth v. Hunt- Massachusetts's Supreme Court
ruled that strikes were legal in that state.
“C OTTON IS K ING ” – J OHN
C. C ALHOUN

South – remained agricultural – creating Sectionalism

South had a class structure
Planters
Yeoman
Farmers
Rural Poor/Free
Blacks
Slaves

Task system – slaves given just a task to finish – small
groups

Gang system - huge gang overseen by a slave driver
or
S LAVES

Slave Codes – laws basically
gave slaves no rights

Assimilation – used religion,
music & language to cope with
their situation

Rebellion –

Denmark Vesey – Organized a
slave revolt

1831 – Virginia - Nat Turner –
uprising killed more than 50
whites

Effects – created stiffer slave
codes, more harsh treatment

Slavery was banned in 1808

1850-225,000 free blacks
A BOLITIONISM ?

Quakers & Baptists – argued slavery
was a sin

Grimke Sisters – whites who became
outspoken critics of slavery
W HAT
IS THE GROWING DIVIDE BETWEEN
THE
N ORTH & S OUTH
CALLED ?
io
n
lis
na
f ic
at
Nu
lli
0
Se
ct
io
Di
v
isi
o
n
4.
fe
de
ra
t
3.
25%
Division
Sectionalism
Confederation
Nullification
Co
n
2.
25%
io
n
25%
1.
25%
m
32
MANIFEST DESTINY – IDEA
THAT GOD HAD GIVEN THE
CONTINENT TO WHITES TO
CONQUER

Sectionalism

Panic of 1819 – Missouri applies for Statehood

Henry Clay

Missouri Compromise – admit Maine as a free state
and Missouri as a slave state thus keeping balance –
would allow slavery in states south of Missouri ***
The Great Compromiser
E LECTION OF 1824
E LECTION OF S ECTIONALISM

Andrew Jackson
Republican Party – Favorite Sons
John Quincy Adams
Henry Clay
William Crawford
Jackson received the most votes but no one got a majority
W HAT
HAPPENS WHEN THERE IS NO
MAJORITY IN A
1.
2.
3.
4.
P RESIDENTIAL E LECTION ?
No one is elected – old president gets
to stay president
It goes to the candidate with the
most
It goes to the House of
Representatives for a decision
It goes to the Supreme Court for a
decision
0 of 32
I T GOES TO THE H OUSE OF
R EPRESENTATIVES !!

Speaker of the House – Henry Clay

Clay was eliminated because he was 4th

Clay supported Adams & in return Adams
named Clay Secretary of State

Forever known as THE CORRUPT BARGAIN

Jackson & supporters so angry they split
from the party and formed the Democratic
Republicans – calling themselves Democrats
J OHN Q UINCY A DAMS
1825 - 1829