The digestive system
The digestive system
Major structures
Mouth………………..or/o
Pharynx………………pharyngo/o
Stomach……………..gastr/O
Esophagus………….esophag/O
Small intestines…….enter/O
Large intestines…….col/O
Rectum and anus…..an/o,proct /o,rect/o
Liver………………hepat/o
Gallbladder……….cholecyst
Pancreas………..pancreat/o
The function of digestive system
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The intake and digestion of food
The absorption of nutrients
The elimination of solid waste products
The structures of the digestive system
The upper (G.i.tract) consists of (mouth
,esophagus,and stomach)
The lower (G.i.tract) consists of ;(small intestine
,large intestine ,rectom,and anus)
 The oral cavity;
The major structures of the oral cavity are;
1) The lips
Also known as labia
2)The palate
The palate which forms the roof of the mouth
consists of tow part ;the hard and soft
palates
3)The tongue
The upper surface of the tongue has
aprotective covering and contains the
papillae
4)The pharynx
Also known as the throat
5) Epiglottis
During swallowing food is prevented
from moving from the pharynx into
the lung by the epiglottis
6) The esophagus
The esophagus is a tube that leads
from the pharynx to the stomach
7)Salivary glands
8)Tongue
9)Teeth
The small intestine
Part of small intestine :
1- The duodenum is the first portion of
the small intestine
2- The jejunum the muscle portion of the
small intestine
3- The ileum
The large intestine
The three major parts of the large
intestine are
1-The cecum
2-The colon
3-The rectum
4-The anus
The colon is subdivided into four
parts
1-The ascending colon.
2-The transverse colon
3-The descending colon.
4-The sigmoid colon.
Accessory digestive organs
The stomach is composed of the
funds, body ,and atrum.
The gall bladder it stores and
concentrates the bile for later use.
The pancreas secretes pancreatic
juices .these juices are made up of
sodium bicarbonate and digestive
enzymes to process the
protein,carbohydrates and fats in
food .
Medical terms related to digestive system
Term
Meaning
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach
Gastrorrhagia
Bleeding from the stomach
Anorexia
Loss appetite for food
Dyspepsia
Impairment of digestive
Emesis
Vomiting
Hematemsis
Vomiting blood
Nausea
Sensation lead to urge to vomit
Colitis
Inflammation of the colon
Melena
Passage of black stool with blood
Cirrhosis
Progressive degenerative disease
of the liver
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver
Medical terms related to digestive system
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Colonoscopy
Visual examination of the inner
surface of the colon
Gastro intestinal endoscopy
Examination of the esophagus
stomach and duodenum
Rectos copy
Examination of the rectum and anus
Sigmmoidoscopy
Visual examination of the rectum
sigmoid colon
Ant emetic
Prevents nausea and vomiting
Laxatives
Drug to stimulate bowel movements
A gastrectomy
Surgical removal of all or a part of
the stomach
A gastrotomy
Surgical incision into the stomach
A colectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of
colon
A colostomy
Surgical incision into the colon