Models of Matter
Wednesday, February 16, 2010
TODAY’S PLAN
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

States of Matter
Physical Properties of Matter
Activity
Matter - What is it?

Matter is anything that has a mass and
takes up space
3
STATES OF MATTER
 There are 4 states of matter:
 SOLID
 definite
volume or size
 distinct shape at a given temperature
 iron is a solid at room temperature,
while water is a solid only at negative
temperatures
 LIQUID
 definite
volume, but it takes the shape
of its container (with the help of gravity)
 if you put water in a balloon, it will take
the shape of the balloon
 GAS
 volume
is dependent on the
temperature and pressure of it’s
surrounding area
 gas will take the shape of its container
(whether big or small)
 under high pressure, the volume of a
gas increases (unlike liquids & solids)
which is the basis of hydraulic breaks
 PLASMA
 at
extreme temperatures (such as the
sun), matter can lose its electrons and
become ionized (charged)
 there is some dispute over whether or
not plasma is a true state
Physical Properties of Matter
Property
Meaning
Example
Hardness
A measure of the resistance of a solid to being scratched - diamond is hard
- chalk is soft
State
Directly related to temperature
Malleability
the ability of a substance to be hammered into a thinner - copper is very malleable
sheet or molded
- wood is not very malleable
Ductility
the ability of a substance to be drawn (pulled) into finer
strands
- gold is very ductile
Melting, Freezing and
Boiling Points
- the temperature at which a substance goes from one
state to another
- ice melts into liquid at 0 degree Celsius
Crystal Form
The structure of the molecules inside a substance
- salt has a cubic crystal form
Solubility
The ability of a substance to dissolve
- sugar is very soluble in water
Viscosity
The ability of a substance to flow or pour readily
- molasses is viscous whereas water is
less viscous
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- water is a liquid
- wood is a solid
Crystal Form
The structure of the molecules inside a substance - salt has a cubic crystal form
Solubility
The ability of a substance to dissolve
- sugar is very soluble in water
Viscosity
The ability of a substance to flow or pour readily
- molasses is viscous whereas water
is less viscous
Density
The ratio of a substances mass to its volume
- lead is dense
- water is a special case where its
solid is LESS DENSE than its liquid
Lustre
how shiny or dull an object is
- aluminum is very shiny
- the chalk board is dull
Colour
- baking soda is white
Texture
- soft or hard
Taste
GENERALLY WE DON’T TASTE IN SCIENCE!!
- bananas taste sweet
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Chemical Properties of Matter

Combustibility - the ability of a substance to
catch fire or produce flames


Ex. Gasoline is very combustible
Reaction with Acid - the ability of a
substance to react with an acid

Ex. Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce
Hydrogen gas
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MODELS OF MATTER

Building Blocks of Matter


in about 400 B.C. (2000 years ago), a Greek
philosopher Democritus suggested that all matter
was made up of tiny invisible, indestructible
particles
atomos means indivisible
Matter Timeline

http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/system/galleries/pics/
AlicePublic/history.swf
Classification of Matter
MATTER
PURE
SUBSTANCES
ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
SOLUTION
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
MATTER
PURE
SUBSTANCES
Classification of Matter

ELEMENTS
MIXTURES
COMPOUNDS
SOLUTION
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
A pure substance is a substance that contains only one
kind of particle. (e.g., aluminum, sugar, pure water)
 There are two types of pure substances:

elements – pure substances that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances by ordinary
chemical methods
 e.g., copper, oxygen, carbon

compounds – pure substances that contain two or
more different elements in a fixed proportion
and that can be broken down into simpler
substances
 e.g., water (H2O), sugar, baking soda
MATTER
PURE
SUBSTANCES
Classification of Matter

ELEMENTS
MIXTURES
COMPOUNDS
SOLUTION
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
A mixture is a substance that contains two or more
different pure substances (or two or more different
types of particles). (e.g., milk, cookie, pizza)
 There are two types of mixtures:

solutions (homogeneous mixtures) – a mixture
that has only one phase (only one visible part)
 e.g., salt water, air, perfume

heterogeneous mixtures – a mixture that has two
or more phases
 e.g., pizza, potting soil, salad dressing
FYI

Air is a homogeneous
mixture of many gases:
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78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
remainder is made of
carbon dioxide, argon, carbon
monoxide, and other gases