Chapter 31 Lesson 1 Notes
The Rise of Fascism Following World War I
Mussolini
Hitler
Franco
Fascism
chauvinistic
1. (extremely nationalistic)
3.
totalitarian
(dictatorial)
militaristic
2. (glorifies in war)
4. The term, fascism, comes from an ancient
Roman symbol that has always represented
authority
5. The symbol, the fasces, is
represented by a bundle of
wooden sticks wrapped
together that included a
bronze ax tied on one side.
6. hatred for
democracy
because this form of
government is…
7. based on citizens’
unalienable rights of
life,
liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness
8. hatred for
communism
because this form of
government is:
9. based on no
separation of
classes;
instead, supported a
world-wide
“dictatorship
of the proletariat”
(the
working class);
not chauvinistic;
not even nationalistic
b/c support comes
from all workers, no
matter where they
live
10. Fascism is a
separation of classes;
support comes from the
upper & middle classes,
esp. industrialists
ITALY’S BENITO MUSSOLINI
1. 1st fascist leader in Europe
taking the title,
“il Duce” (“the leader” in
Italian), by 1925
2. In 1922, he was
appointed premier
when his Black Shirts
converged on Rome at
one time to prevent a
rumored coup by
communists
3. He controlled the
press,
communications, and
the Catholic Church,
stressing education
and military readiness
4. established a 22syndicate or
“corporate state” to
control a command
economy
5. His legacy (what he’ll
most be remembered
for): “He made the trains
run on time,” as he ruled
as the “apostle of
violence”
GERMANY’S ADOLF HITLER
1. took title, “der Fuhrer”
(“the leader” in German),
of the National Socialist
German Workers’ Party
(Nazis) by 1923 as the 2nd
fascist leader in Europe
2. wrote Mein Kampf while in prison for an
attempted putsch (coup) in Munich,
Germany; his book is an anti-Semitic
guidebook, claiming Germans are the
master race that he called Aryans
3. Hitler was named [German prime
minister] chancellor in 1933 by President
Hindenburg of the Weimar Republic
The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil
assumes the living shape of the Jew.
Adolf Hitler
Mein Kampf
4. used Storm Troopers (his (private army)
and the Gestapo (his secret police) to control
society; adopted the swastika (the bent
cross) as the Nazi symbol for good fortune,
power, & strength
5. passed the
Nuremberg Laws:
Jews become
scapegoats; ordered
Kristallnacht (Night
of Broken Glass);
est. the 3rd Reich to
last 1000 yrs.; he
planned to take E.
Europe for his Aryans’
living space called
Lebensraum,
including the Slavs of
the U.S.S.R. (Soviet
Union; formerly
Russia)
6. dictatorial powers were given to Hitler
by the Enabling Act; he made extensive
use of concentration camps run by the SS,
the Schutzstaffel
SPAIN’S FRANCISCO FRANCO
1. became known as “el Caudillo” (“the
leader” in Spanish) of the Falange Party, the
3rd and last fascist party and ruler in Europe
2. Came to power as
result of a 3-year civil
war (1936 – 1939)
between the Spanish
republic and its ally,
the International
Brigade of volunteers
versus Franco’s
fascist army; the
fascists won
3. Mussolini and Hitler
use Spain’s 3-year civil
war as a testing ground
for their improved
weapons of destruction
4. Spain is regarded as a neutral country
during WW II just as it was in WW I
because this time Spain is devastated by
civil war; but because Franco gives aid
and comfort to his fascist allies during
WW II, Spain becomes known as a nonneutral,
non-belligerent