Alcohols and Ethers
Read pp. 204-208
Alcohols
Organic compound that has a hydroxyl group
(OH) attached to an alkyl group (an alkane
minus one hydrogen).
General formula: R-OH (where R is alkyl group)
Structural Formulas for Alcohols
1. Draw carbon backbone
2. Add –OH group in right spot
3. Fill in hydrogen bonds
Draw:
a) 1-butanol
b) 2-pentanol
Naming Alcohols
3-hexanol
3-heptanol
Properties of Alcohols
• The longer the alcohol molecule, the
higher the boiling point
• More soluble (can dissolve) in water than
alkanes (due to presence of –OH group)
Ethers
Organic compound that has a single oxygen
atom bonded to two separate hydrocarbon
chains.
General Formula: R-O-R (where R is alkyl group).
Naming Ethers
Ethers are recognized by the presence of “oxy”
in the IUPAC name. You add “oxy” right after the
prefix of the SMALLER hydrocarbon chain,
followed by the LARGER alkane name.
HH
HHH
H HHHH
H-C-C-O-C-C-C-H
H-C-O-C-C-C-C-H
HH
HHH
H HHHH
ethoxypropane
methoxybutane
Structural Formulas of Ethers
Draw the following ethers:
methoxypentane
H HHHHH
H-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-H
H HHHHH
butoxyhexane
HHHH
HHHHHH
H-C-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-C-H
HHHH
HHHHHH
Properties of Ethers
• More polar than hydrocarbons (due to
presence of oxygen atom)
• Boiling point is slightly higher than
hydrocarbons, but lower than alcohols