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Midterm Review 2013-2014
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1.
Describe the eight characteristics of living things in full detail and support your answer with an example for each.
2.
List the seven steps to the scientific method.
3.
Define hypothesis.
4.
Science always begins with an _________________________.
5.
Understand total magnification of a microscope. If the ocular lens is 10X and the high power is 50X, what is the total magnification?
6.
What piece of lab equipment would you use to observe small cells?
7.
What is the function of the following pieces of lab equipment:
-Triple beam balance
- Graduated cylinder
-Beaker
-Catch net
-Hand lens or magnified glass
6. Be able to read line, bar, and circle graphs.
7. Define biodiversity.
8. What is the difference between an independent, dependent, and controlled variable?
9. Describe the difference between scientific theory and law.
10. How has computer technology increased our science knowledge and ability to conduct research?
11. Why do scientists use scientific thinking?
12. What does it mean when a scientist is evaluating results?
13. When can scientific theories be changed?
14. What is the difference between quantitative data and qualitative data?
15. After a scientist conducts an experiment what do you think they should do to make sure that there are no mistakes or bias?
16. Why is peer review important in the science world?
Enzymes:
1.
Any word that ends in “ase” is considered to be a what?
2.
Most cellular activities are regulated by the action of what?
3.
What makes enzymes?

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Midterm Review 2013-2014
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4.
Define a catalyst.
5.
Define a substrate.
6.
Describe how enzymes function in the body.
7.
Explain the lock and key model of an enzyme. Be specific in its function.
8.
What is the function of a catalyst such as an enzyme in a chemical reaction? There are two main things.
9.
What are substrates usually made up of? Hint they are the building blocks of life!
10.
If the solution is too acidic or basic what happens to the enzyme?
11.
What will happen to the enzyme when the reaction is complete?
12.
What are three things that affect how an enzyme works?
13.
The activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is decreased by what?
14.
Protease is an enzyme that helps digest proteins. How does this enzyme interact and help the protein molecules?
15.
What happens to enzymes when they are subjected to too much heat?
16.
Explain the importance of the enzyme substrate complex (Lock and Key) including examples of how it works and is regulated in the body and helps you maintain homeostasis. Also draw the diagrams and be sure to include the enzyme, substrate, and active site of your model.
17.
Label the diagram.
Atoms and the Properties of Water:
1.
What is the smallest basic unit of matter?
2.
Define an ion.
3.
What types of bonds share electrons?
4.
Why can some insects stand on the surface of the water?
5.
Describe the five basic properties of water and give an example of each one.

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Midterm Review 2013-2014
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6.
If something is acidic what does the Hydrogen ion concentration look like? What about a base?
7.
What is the difference between a solute and a solvent? Give examples.
8.
What happens during a chemical reaction?
9.
Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called what? What about ones that release energy?
10.
How do chemical reactions change substances into different substances?
11.
What is the term for the substances that are changed into different substances during a chemical reaction?
12.
What molecules make up water- give the number of how many as well?
13.
What is a compound?
14.
What is the pH for acids, neutrals, and bases?
15. Water molecules are polar, why?
Carbon Based Molecules:
1.
Why are lipids and carbohydrates important in animal cells?
2.
Explain the seven forms of proteins, including both structural and functional, why they are important to the human body, and provide an example of each.
3.
Describe the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions of macromolecules.
4.
Describe the four macromolecules, listing the polymer and monomer of each, the function of each class as well an example of each one.
5.
What is unique about carbon? How many bonds can it form at one time ?
6.
Fats and oils are made up of glycerol and what else?
7.
Which macromolecule is made up of phosphorus as well as hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon?
8.
Know the molecular structure of the four macromolecules.
____________________________________
__________________________________________

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Midterm Review 2013-2014
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________________________________________
____________________________________________
9.
What is the chain of bonds called that links peptide bonds together?
10.
What is the difference between a monomer and polymer?
11.
What property of carbon makes it the “building block of life?”
12.
What is a monosaccharide? What group does it belong to? Give an example.
13.
Which molecule stores and transmits genetic information?
14.
Synthesis of organic molecules is said to be the first thing to occur for life to evolve.
What type of evolution is this?
Unit 3- Cells
1.
Be able to identify a plant and animal cell.
2.
Be able to label and identify the cell membrane structure.
3.
Who are the scientists that made contributions to the cell theory? Describe what each discovered / contributed.
4.
What are the three types of tonicity (osmosis) and draw which way the water flows in each one? Make sure to describe each one.
5.
What are the three principles of the cell theory?
6.
Explain what happened when you put the egg in the water versus the corn syrup. What does this infer about water passing through a semi-permeable membrane?
7.
The sodium potassium pump is an example of a carrier protein that helps regulate sodium ions into and out of the cell membrane, what type of building block would it be a part of?
8.
How does studying the cell membrane help us better understand cellular function?
9.
Describe the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Midterm Review 2013-2014
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10.
Why are carrier proteins (same as transport proteins) used in active transport? Which direction, low to high or high to low, are the molecules moving? Does active transport require energy or no?
11.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, where does cellular respiration occur (how we break down oxygen and sugar and release carbon dioxide and water)? Hint we need this organelle to provide us with cellular energy like ATP.
12.
Does active transport go with the concentration gradient or against? What about passive transport?
13.
What is the main organelle that distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
14.
If water is flowing into a cell then the cell will become hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.
15.
If water is flowing out of the cell then the cell will become hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.
16.
If water is flowing in and out of the cell at equal rates then the cell is hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.
17.
What are the two main structural components of the cell membrane?
18.
Through what process do white blood cells engulf bacteria and viruses?
19.
Which organelle is the storehouse of your genetic information?
20.
Which organelle has ribosome’s all over it?
21.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
22.
What is the function of lysosomes?
23.
What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
24.
What is the function of the chloroplast?
25.
What is the difference between intracellular and extracellular receptors?
26.
Define a receptor.
27.
Which organelles are involved in the process called endocytosis?
28.
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
29.
What is the model name for the cell membrane?
30.
What are the functions of the transport proteins?
31.
What is the function of a ribosome?
32.
The theory that over time, more complex cells developed from simple cells is a part of what characteristic of living thing?
33.
What is the function of the cilia and flagella?
34.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

35.
Know the function of all cell organelles.
Plant/Animal/Both Organelle
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Ribosome
Golgi
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Central Vacuole
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear membrane
Centrosome
Lysosomes
Microtubules
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Midterm Review 2013-2014
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Function

Nuclear pores
36.
Tell me if it is passive or active: a.
Osmosis- b.
Phagocytosis- c.
Diffusion- d.
Endocytosis- e.
Facilitated Diffusion- f.
Exocytosis- g.
Hypertonic- h.
Isotonic- i.
Hypotonic-
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Midterm Review 2013-2014
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