Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Class:
Class:
Echinoderms:
Class:
Name means:
Includes:
All marine
All found on the bottom of the sea
General Characteristics of Echinoderms: a) b)
Lacks a:
Two sides: c) Symmetry i.
Bilateral Symmetry: ii.
Radial Symmetry:
& iii.
Echinodermata Symmetry:
Pentaradial Symmetry – d) Endoskeleton (made up of various size ossicles) i.
Internal skeleton found within the tissue ii.
Always covered by a thin layer of tissue iii.
Spines and bumps gives references to their name which means:

e) Water Vascular System: i.
A network of fluid filled canals ii.
Used for: iii.
iv.
v.
Water enters through:
Travels through stone canal to ring ring canal
Water is then separated into five double rows of:
made of vi.
_ are connected to sucker-like whole thing is called a:
, the vii.
Contraction of the ampullae causes the podia to move, thus overall locomotion f) Dermal Branchiae: g) Digestive System: i.
iii.
Sea and brittle stars can evert a portion of their stomach out of their mouth to engulf food ii.
Digestive enzymes located in glands that extend into the arms
Sea urchins have a longer coiled intestine to allow time for the iv.
digestion of plant materials
Sea cucumbers have a similar section to absorb nutrients from the sediment it ingests h) Nervous System: i.
Presence of a: ii.
Ocelli – i) _ / i.
The ability to grow lost or damaged body parts ii.
Sometimes a severed arm can grow into a new organism, if 1/5 of the central disc is present

Class Asteroidea:
Includes:
Characteristics: a.
Most have to 50 b.
c.
Each arm carries an equal share of organ systems
_
arms from a
contain the arms d.
_
, though can have up
on the
- tiny pincher-like organs on the aboral surface keep the surface clean e.
Most sea stars are predators of bivalves, snails, or other attached or slow moving animals
Class Ophiuroidea:
Includes:
Characteristics: a.
Legs proportionally: b.
c.
d.
Allows for better movement
Organs in: e.
Eat organic matter and small animals they find on the bottom f.
Passed from tube foot to tube food till it reaches its mouth
Class Echinoidea:
Includes:
Characteristics: a.
Body structure forms a round, rigid body with movable spines and pedicellarie b.
Locomotion achieved by: c.
Body plan of sea stars repeated by moving arms upward and connecting them at the tips d.
Mouth is on the e.
Plates:
, the anus is on the

f.
The mouth has an intricate system of jaws and muscles called: g.
Used to bite off algae and other bits of food from the bottom
Heart Urchins and Sand Dollars are adapted for the soft bottom of the ocean due to flat bodies and short spines
Class Holothuroidea:
Includes:
Characteristics: a.
Similar body plan to a b.
anus
Lies on side: c.
Most have
just stretched out mouth to
rows of tube feet that run mouth to anus d.
Some excrete e.
Some mouth or anus, called:
(believed that they grow back)
as a defense mechanism
gut and other internal organs out of the