5.3 Classification of Biodiversity
Use This Link to help you:
https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-5-evolution-and-biodi/53-classification-of-bio
div/
A) Classification
1) Outline the binomial system of nomenclature and who invented it. The binomial system is a name
system that is universally used and was made by linneaus
2) List the three domains of life and a few major characteristics of each. The three domains is archae
bacteria and eukaryote
3) List the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa, using examples from two different kingdoms starting
with the domain.
Taxa
Plant Example
Animal Example
Domain
Eukarya
Eukarya
kingdom
Plantae
animallia
Magnoliaphyta
chordata
class
Liliopsida
mammalia
order
Asparagales
primate
family
Amaryllidaceae
homodae
genus
Allium
homo
species
sativum
sapien
Garlic
human
phylum
Common Name
4) Compare different methods of biological classification, and include advantages and disadvantages of
each if relevant.
Natural: this is where a genus along with its taxa has evolved from a common ancestor
Artificial: They are grouped by basic characteristics and do not have evolutionary relationships
Phylogenetic: Differentiation between species based on genes and dna
B) Biodiversity
1) Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using external recognition features and
method of reproduction.
Bryophyta: No vascularisation, no roots, no stems, no leaves and it reproduces by producing
spores from sporangia. It is anchored by rhizoid.
Filicinophyta: There is vascularisation, roots, stems, and leaves and it reproduces spores from sori in
cllusters. Leaves are pinnate
Coniferophyta: It has vascularisation, roots, stems, and leaves and it reproduces by non motile gametes
(seeds) in the cones. Stems are woody and leaves are waxy and needle like
Angiospermophyta: It has vascularisation, leaves, roots, and stems, the seed is produce in the ovule in
the flower. May have fruit
2) Construct a simple dichotomous key (diagrammatic) to identify the four plant phyla.
3) Distinguish between the following phyla of invertebrate animals, using external recognition
features and include examples of each.
Porifera:
Asymmetrical with no mouth or anus, could have silica or calcium carbonate based for structure
Cnidaria: Radial symmetry with a mouth but no anus, could have tentacles to sting for food
Platyhelminthes: bilateral symmetry and has a mouth but no anus, has a flattened body shape
Annelida: bilateral symmetry and has a mouth and anus, body is composed of ring segments
Mollusca: bilateral symmetry has a searate mouth and anus, body composed of visceral math
Arthropoda: bilateral symmetry and has a separate mouth and anus, jointed body sections
4) Describe the key characteristics of phylum Chordata
Have bilateral symmetry Have a separate mouth and anus Have a notochord and a hollow, dorsal
nerve tube
5) Distinguish between the following classes of vertebrate animals, using simple recognition
features and method of producing offspring
Fish:
Covered in scales made out of bony plates in the skin, Reproduce via external fertilisation
Amphibians: Moist skin, permeable to gases and water
Reproduce via external fertilisation
Reptiles:
Covered in scales made out of keratin,Reproduce via internal fertilisation and females lay eggs with
soft shell,Breathe through lungs that have extensive folds
Birds: Covered in feathers (made out of keratin)
Reproduce via internal fertilisation and females lay eggs with hard shells
Breathe through lungs with parabronchial tubes
Maintain a constant internal body temperature
Mammals:
Skin has follicles which produce hair made out of keratin, Reproduce via internal fertilisation and
females feed young with milk from mammary glands,Breathe through lungs with alveoli,Maintain a
constant internal body temperature
6) Construct a simple dichotomous key (descriptive) to identify the five vertebrate classes