Chapter 1
Section 2
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs
and windows. All those things are made of ________.
Matter takes different forms. Consider the book –
you might notice that it takes up ________ - in other
words it as ___________.
Volume is the amount of three-dimensional space
an object occupies. All matter has volume – all
matter has mass – a measure of the __________ of
matter.
Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up
_______ (has volume).
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs
and windows. All those things are made of Matter.
Matter takes different forms. Consider the book –
you might notice that it takes up ________ - in other
words it as ___________.
Volume is the amount of three-dimensional space
an object occupies. All matter has volume – all
matter has mass – a measure of the __________ of
matter.
Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up
_______ (has volume).
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs
and windows. All those things are made of Matter.
Matter takes different forms. Consider the book –
you might notice that it takes up space - in other
words it as volume.
Volume is the amount of three-dimensional space
an object occupies. All matter has volume – all
matter has mass – a measure of the __________ of
matter.
Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up
_______ (has volume).
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs
and windows. All those things are made of Matter.
Matter takes different forms. Consider the book –
you might notice that it takes up space - in other
words it as volume. We measure volume in liters.
Volume is the amount of three-dimensional space
an object occupies. All matter has volume – all
matter has mass – a measure of the amount of
matter.
Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up
_______ (has volume).
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs
and windows. All those things are made of Matter.
Matter takes different forms. Consider the book –
you might notice that it takes up space - in other
words it as volume.
Volume is the amount of three-dimensional space
an object occupies. All matter has volume – all
matter has mass – a measure of the amount of
matter.
Matter – anything that has 1. mass and 2. takes up
space (has volume).
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Matter – anything that takes up
space
Mass – amount of matter
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
The fundamental building blocks of matter are
_________ and ______________. These particles make
up elements and compounds.
Atom – the ______________ unit of an element that
maintains the chemical ________ of that element.
Element – a ________ substance that cannot be
broken down into _________, stable substances and
is made of ________ type of atom. (Example: Carbon
– element and contains ONE kind of atom)
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
The fundamental building blocks of matter are
atoms and molecules. These particles make up
elements and compounds.
Atom – the ______________ unit of an element that
maintains the chemical ________ of that element.
Element – a ________ substance that cannot be
broken down into _________, stable substances and
is made of ________ type of atom. (Example: Carbon
– element and contains ONE kind of atom)
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
The fundamental building blocks of matter are
atoms and molecules. These particles make up
elements and compounds.
Atom – the smallest unit of an element that
maintains the chemical identity of that element.
Element – a ________ substance that cannot be
broken down into _________, stable substances and
is made of ________ type of atom. (Example: Carbon
– element and contains ONE kind of atom)
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
The fundamental building blocks of matter are
atoms and molecules. These particles make up
elements and compounds.
Atom – the smallest unit of an element that
maintains the chemical identity of that element.
Element – a pure substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler, stable substances and is made of
one type of atom. (Example: Carbon – element and
contains ONE kind of atom)
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
I.
Basic Building Blocks of Matter (Continued)
____________ – a substance that can be broken
down into simpler stable substances. Each
compound is made from the atoms of ________ ___
_____ elements that are ____________ bonded.
________ is an example of a compound – the atoms
of _________ and __________ are chemically bonded
to form a water molecule.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
I.
Basic Building Blocks of Matter (Continued)
Compound – a substance that can be broken down
into simpler stable substances. Each compound is
made from the atoms of two or more elements that
are chemically bonded.
________ is an example of a compound – the atoms
of _________ and __________ are chemically bonded
to form a water molecule.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
I.
Basic Building Blocks of Matter (Continued)
Compound – a substance that can be broken down
into simpler stable substances. Each compound is
made from the atoms of two or more elements that
are chemically bonded.
Water is an example of a
compound – the atoms of
hydrogen and oxygen are
chemically bonded to form a
water molecule.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
II. Properties and Changes in Matter
Every substance, element or compound, has
_______________ properties that chemists use to
distinguish and separate them. Properties may
be a characteristic that defines an __________
_______ of substances.
Ex: Metals – distinguishing property – conduct
electricity
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
II. Properties and Changes in Matter
Every substance, element or compound, has
characteristics properties that chemists use to
distinguish and separate them. Properties may
be a characteristic that defines an entire set of
substances.
Ex: Metals – distinguishing property
– conduct electricity
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
II. Properties and Changes in Matter
Properties are either intensive or extensive:
________________ properties – depend on the
__________ of matter that is present.
Example: volume & ________
________________ properties – do NOT depend
on the __________ of matter present.
Example: __________/___________ point, density, &
ability to conduct electricity
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
II. Properties and Changes in Matter
Properties are either intensive or extensive:
Extensive properties – depend on the amount of
matter that is present.
Example: volume & mass
________________ properties – do NOT depend
on the __________ of matter present.
Example: __________/___________ point, density, &
ability to conduct electricity
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
II. Properties and Changes in Matter
Properties are either intensive or extensive:
Extensive properties – depend on the amount of
matter that is present.
Example: volume & mass
Intensive properties – do NOT depend on the
amount of matter present.
Example: boiling/melting point, density, & ability to
conduct electricity
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Properties can be group into two general types:
______________ and ___________ properties.
Physical Properties and Physical Changes
____________ property – a characteristic that can
be ________________ or ________________ without
changing the identity of the substance. Physical
properties describe a substance itself, rather than
describing how it can change into other
substance.
Examples: Water - Melting pt = ________
& Boiling pt = ________
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Properties can be group into two general
types: Physical and Chemical properties.
Physical Properties and Physical Changes
____________ property – a characteristic that can
be ________________ or ________________ without
changing the identity of the substance. Physical
properties describe a substance itself, rather than
describing how it can change into other
substance.
Examples: Water - Melting pt = ________
& Boiling pt = ________
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Properties can be group into two general
types: Physical and Chemical properties.
Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Physical property – a characteristic that can be
observed or measured without changing the
identity of the substance. Physical properties
describe a substance itself, rather than describing
how it can change into other substance.
Examples: Water - Melting pt = 273K or 0°C
& Boiling pt = 373K or 100°C
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Physical Properties and Physical Changes
___________ change - a change in a _____________
that does NOT involve a change in the identity of
the substance
Examples: Grinding, cutting, melting or boiling a
material
__________ of State – a physical change of a
substance from one state to another.
Melting and boiling are an important part of these
changes.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Physical change - a change in a substance that
does NOT involve a change in the identity of the
substance
Examples: Grinding, cutting, melting or boiling a
material
__________ of State – a physical change of a
substance from one state to another.
Melting and boiling are an important part of these
changes.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Physical change - a change in a substance that
does NOT involve a change in the identity of the
substance
Examples: Grinding, cutting, melting or boiling a
material
Change of State – a physical change of a
substance from one state to another.
Melting and boiling are an important part of these
changes.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States of Matter
1. Solid: matter in this state has
____________ volume and definite
___________.
Solids have this characteristic because
the particles are packed together in
relatively ______ positions.
Examples: Piece of quartz or coral
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States of Matter
1. Solid: matter in this state has definite
volume and definite shape.
Solids have this characteristic because
the particles are packed together in
relatively fixed positions.
Examples: Piece of quartz or coral
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States of Matter
2. _________: matter in this state has a definite
_________ but an indefinite ________; the matter
assumes the shape of the container - this occurs
because liquids’ particles are close together but
can _______ past one another.
Particles in liquids move _______ ___________ than
those in a solid, causing them to temporarily
overcome the strong ___________ ________ between
them.
Example: a given quantity of liquid water takes up a definite
amount of volume, but the water takes the shape of the
container.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States of Matter
2. Liquid: matter in this state has a definite volume
but an indefinite shape; the matter assumes the
shape of the container - this occurs because
liquids’ particles are close together but can move
past one another.
Particles in liquids move more rapidly than those in
a solid, causing them to temporarily overcome the
strong attractive forces between them.
Example: a given quantity of liquid water takes up a definite
amount of shape, but the water takes the shape of the
container.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States of Matter
3. Gas: matter in this state has _________
definite _________ nor definite __________.
Gases are composed of particles that move
_______ __________ and are at a ______
distance from one another compared with
the particles of liquids/solids.
Example: a given quantity of helium expands to fill any
size container and takes the shape of any container.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States of Matter
3. Gas: matter in this state has neither definite
volume nor definite shape.
Gases are composed of particles that move
very rapidly and are at a great distance from
one another compared with the particles of
liquids/solids.
Example: a given quantity of helium expands to fill any
size container and takes the shape of any container.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States of Matter
4. Plasma: _______-____________ physical
state of matter in which atoms ______
most of their electrons, particles that
make up atoms.
Example: plasma is found
in fluorescent bulbs
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States of Matter
4. Plasma: high – temperature physical
state of matter in which atoms lose most
of their electrons, particles that make up
atoms.
Example: plasma is found
in fluorescent bulbs
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States Changes
- Melting: the change from ________ to ________
- Boiling: the change of state from __________ to
_______
- Freezing: opposite of melting; the change from
________ to __________
Example: when ice melts to liquid water or when
liquid boils to form water vapor, the same
substance, water, is still present. It just changes
states, it does NOT change into a ____________
____________
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
States Changes
- Melting: the change from solid to liquid
- Boiling: the change of state from liquid to gas
- Freezing: opposite of melting; the change from
liquid to solid.
Example: when ice melts to liquid water or when
liquid boils to form water vapor, the same
substance, water, is still present. It just changes
states, it does NOT change into a different
chemical.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
Chemical ____________ - relates to a substance’s
ability to undergo __________ that transform it into
______________ substances.
Easiest to see when substances react to form a new
substance.
Examples: ability of charcoal burns, it combines with
oxygen in air to become __________ __________ gas;
ability of iron to rust by combining with _________ in air &
ability of _______ to tarnish by combining with sulfur
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
Chemical property - relates to a substance’s ability
to undergo changes that transform it into different
substances.
Easiest to see when substances react to form a new
substance.
Examples: ability of charcoal burns, it combines with
oxygen in air to become carbon dioxide gas; ability of
iron to rust by combining with oxygen in air & ability of
silver to tarnish by combining with sulfur
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
_____________ change or chemical ____________ - a
change in which one or more _____________ are
converted into different substances.
Reactant – the substances that _______ in a chemical
change
Products – substances that are ________ in a chemical
change
Chemical changes do NOT affect the _______ ______
of matter present before and after a reaction.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
Chemical change or chemical reaction- a change
in which one or more substances are converted into
different substances.
Reactant – the substances that reacts in a chemical
change
Products – substances that are produced in a
chemical change
Chemical changes do NOT affect the total amount
of matter present before and after a reaction.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
Example: Carbon plus oxygen yields (forms) carbon
dioxide
(carbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide)
+
Sodium
+
Chlorine
Reactants
Sodium
Chloride
Products
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Energy Changes in Matter
When physical or chemical changes occur, ________
is ALWAYS involved.
Sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a
_________ change (melting of ice) and sometimes
enough energy is involved to cause a ________
change (decomposition of water vapor to form oxygen
gas & hydrogen gas)
- Examples of energy: Heat & Light
** Although energy can be absorbed or released in
a change, it is NOT _________ or __________. This is
known as the Law of ________________ of _________.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Energy Changes in Matter
When physical or chemical changes occur, energy
is ALWAYS involved.
Sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a
physical change (melting of ice) and sometimes
enough energy is involved to cause a chemical
change (decomposition of water vapor to form oxygen
gas & hydrogen gas)
- Examples of energy: Heat & Light
** Although energy can be absorbed or released in
a change, it is NOT created or destroyed. This is
known as the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Matter can be classified as either a pure substance
or a mixture.
1. Pure Substance – composition is the ________
throughout and does _______ vary from sample
to sample.
2. Mixture – contain more than one _____________
and can vary from sample to sample, as well as
from one part of the sample to another.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Matter can be classified as either a pure substance
or a mixture.
1. Pure Substance – composition is the same
throughout and does NOT vary from sample to
sample.
2. Mixture – contain more than one _____________
and can vary from sample to sample, as well as
from one part of the sample to another.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Matter can be classified as either a pure substance
or a mixture.
1. Pure Substance – composition is the same
throughout and does NOT vary from sample to
sample.
2. Mixture – contain more than one substance and
can vary from sample to sample, as well as from
one part of the sample to another.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Mixture:
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each
of which retains its ______ ____________ and
properties.
The parts a mixed together and can be
___________.
Mixtures compositions must be specified –
usually by _____ ______ or by _________.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Mixture:
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each
of which retains its own identity and
properties.
The parts a mixed together and can be
separated.
Mixtures compositions must be specified –
usually by % composition or by volume.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Mixture:
Homogenous mixture/solution - mixture that is
____________ in composition (Example: salt-water)
Heterogeneous mixture – mixture that is _____
uniform throughout (Example: mixture of water and
clay, clay is heavier and sinks to the bottom.)
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Mixture:
Homogenous mixture/solution - mixture that is
uniform in composition (Example: salt-water)
Heterogeneous mixture – mixture that is NOT uniform
throughout (Example: mixture of water and clay, clay is
heavier and sinks to the bottom.)
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
Homogenous
mixture/solution
Heterogeneous mixture
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
 Separation
of mixtures through ____________,
through the use of a __________ and/or that use
of paper _________________.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
 Separation
of mixtures through filtration, through
the use of a centrifuge and/or that use of paper
chromatography.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Pure Substance:
Has a _______ composition and differs from a
mixture in the following ways:
1. Every sample of a given pure substance has
_________ the _______ characteristic properties.
All samples of a pure substance have the same
characteristic physical and chemical properties.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Pure Substance:
Has a fixed composition and differs from a
mixture in the following ways:
1. Every sample of a given pure substance has
exactly the same characteristic properties.
All samples of a pure substance have the same
characteristic physical and chemical properties.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Pure Substance:
Has a fixed composition and differs from a
mixture in the following ways:
2. Every sample of a given pure substance has
exactly the same ______________.
All samples of a pure substance have the same
___________.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Pure Substance:
Has a fixed composition and differs from a
mixture in the following ways:
2. Every sample of a given pure substance has
exactly the same composition.
All samples of a pure substance have the same
makeup.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Pure Substance:
Pure substances can be either compounds
or elements, but is always homogenous.
A compound can be broken down
(decomposed) into two or more simpler
compounds/elements by a _________
change.
Chapter 1: Matter & Change
Section 2: Matter and Its Properties
III. Classification of Matter
Pure Substance:
Pure substances can be either compounds
or elements, but is always homogenous.
A compound can be broken down
(decomposed) into two or more simpler
compounds/elements by a chemical
change.