The following document is a running list of vocabulary terms for the
Carbohydrate, Lipid and Protein unit for Biology. The unit is one of the larger
units and contains a lot of vocabulary to keep straight. In order the help the
students I have created this study option for home.
Key terms will be added as we introduce them in class- I will put the new
terms in a new chart to cut down on printing waste, but the same document
will be sent home each time.
A copy of this document will also be posted on my teacher website located
at: http://www.greenwoodsd.org/Page/1009
To use as Flash Cards:
1. Cut only on solid lines.
2. Fold the card on the dotted line and put a small piece of tape on
the open end to secure and make the flash card that should show
the definition on one side and the vocabulary word on the other.
To Use a Matching Activity:
1. Cut the chart apart completely by cutting on all lines.
2. Have your child mix up the cards and try to match the correct
definition with the correct vocabulary term.
(A second chart can be printed to act as a key)
Dehydration Synthesis
Process where monomers are linked together
through the loss of water
(Ex: store excess glucose as glycogen)
Hydrolysis
Process where polymers are broken down through
addition of water
(Ex: digestion of starch)
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and
nucleic acids
Identify the four basic classes of complex organic
molecules that compose cells
Organic Molecules
Molecules that use carbon as their chemical
backbones
Monomers
General name for the subunits or building blocks
of organic molecules
Disaccharide
Built using 2 monosaccharides
Cellulose
Polysaccharide in plant cell walls
Fructose
Monosaccharide present in fruits (sweetest)
Carbohydrates
Organic macromolecules that are made up of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms and are used
for energy storage or as structural materials
Monosaccharide
Simple sugars that are the building blocks of
carbohydrates
Phospholipid
Used to build cell membrane
Lipid Bilayer
2 layers of phospholipids; creates cell membrane
Steroid
Hormones built from cholesterol (general name)
Atherosclerosis
Clogging of arteries with fats and cholesterol
Fatty Acids
Hydrocarbon chains with acid functional groups
Non-polar
Molecules that do not dissolve in water
Testosterone and Estrogen
Specific examples of natural steroid hormones
Glycerol
Backbone of a fat molecule
Saturated Fats
Fatty acids that have the max # of hydrogens/
straight chains
Unsaturated Fats
Fatty acids that have double bonds in their
hydrocarbon chains
Cholesterol
Precursor molecule steroids are built from this
Hydrophobic
“water fearing”; describes the tails of phospholipids
Hydrophilic
“water-liking”; describes the head of the
phospholipid
Proteins
One or more polypeptide chains folded into a
specific shape
Amino Acids
Building blocks of proteins; there are 20 different
ones
Peptide bonds
Bonds that link amino acids together
Polypeptide chains
Multiple amino acids linked together
Conformation
Specific shape of a protein
Hemoglobin
Insulin
Antibodies
Lactase
Keratin
Transports O2 in red blood cells
Hormone that helps lower blood sugar
Made by white blood cells against specific invaders
Enzyme that breaks down lactose in dairy products
Structural protein in hair and nails
Catalyst
Anything that speeds up a reaction and remains
unchanged; reusable
Enzyme
Proteins that act as catalysts
Substrate
Molecule the enzyme “works on” or causes to
react
Active site
Place/groove on an enzyme where it binds with a
substrate
Induced fit
When an enzyme meets a substrate, the enzyme
changes it’s shape slightly to fit better;
“handshake”
Denaturation
A proteins loss of its original shape