Activity 2.2.3: The Biochemistry of Food
Name of Macromolecule:
Elements
Composed of:
Building Block(s):
1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1
oxygen
Simple sugars (called
monosaccharides –
glucose, fructose,
galactose, deoxyribose,
and ribose)
Provide the body with
energy and are easily
broken down by the
body.
Disaccharides – maltose,
sucrose, and lactose.
Each amino acid is
composed of an amine
group (NH2), carboxyl
group (COOH), and a
variable group (referred
to as a R group)
Amino acids
Build, maintain, and
repair the tissues in the
body. The proteins you
eat are broken down by
the digestive system into
their component parts
and these components
are re-assembled into
new protein molecules
that the body can use.
Enzymes – such as
lactase
Lipids
Hydrogen, carbon, and
oxygen
Fatty acids, Glycerol
Make up the cell
membrane, provide cell
structure, provide
insulation, and store
energy for the body.
Triglycerides,
phospholipids, steroids,
and fat-soluble vitamins
such as A, E, D and K
Nucleic Acids
Carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
Nucleotides
Stores and carries
genetic information.
DNA and RNA
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Function:
Examples:
Polysaccharides, also
called complex
carbohydrates – starch,
glycogen.
Hormones – such as
insulin
© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
PBS Activity 2.2.3 Student Response Sheet Answer Key – Page 1
© 2013 Project Lead The Way, Inc.
PBS Activity 2.2.3 Student Response Sheet Answer Key – Page 2