Types of Information Systems:
Ways to Use IT in Organizations
MIS 320
Kraig Pencil
Summer 2014
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran
A. Game Plan
• Introduction
• Basic functions of IS
• Types of information systems
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TPS … MIS … DSS … ES …
Office automation systems
Functional Area Information Systems
And more !
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran
B. Information Systems Knowledge
1. Who cares?
•
Useful for a manager to become familiar with
the range of capabilities of IS
 If you want to use all the tools available in your
profession, you need to know what IT tools can do
… and cannot do … for you.
 If you want to effectively use IT in the workplace,
you need to know how to work with IT.
•
Consider a golfer and his/her golf clubs …
Know what is in your bag! … And how to play the shots!
Reality check: Some “trouble shots” are tougher than others ! Even a
good golf club – or IS – may not be able to work miracles.
Alphabet Soup Alert !!!
Image source: http://codyfrew.wordpress.com/2007/06/29/acronyms-friends-or-foes/
B. Information Systems Knowledge
1. Who cares? (cont.)
•
Managers need to be aware of what people in
the workplace are talking about when they hear
names/acronyms such as …
TPS.
MIS,
DSS
ERP.
SCM,
CRM
C. Basic Functions of Information Systems:
The 5 Cs of Information Processing
What do information systems do?
1.
Capture: Obtain info at its point of origin
2.
Cradle: Store info
3.
Create: Process info to obtain new info
4.
Convey: Present info in a useful form
5.
Communicate: Deliver info to others
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran and Kraig Pencil
D. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
1. What is a business “transaction”?
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2.
Examples of TPS
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3.
???
TPS emerged in the early days of IS
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4.
A business event worth capturing and storing
Examples???
Always $$$ transactions?
Perform routine, repetitive tasks
Often stores data in a database
The Sales TPS is probably the most common & critical
Collect, store, and process transaction data
Order Entry TPS
D. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
6.
Related expression: Online transaction
processing (OLTP)
–
–
What does “online” mean?
How is this different from batch processing?
7.
TPSs may be found in all functions (production, accounting,
marketing, etc.) of an organization
8.
Some TPSs are at the very heart of the organization
• If a critical TPS fails, the whole organization
may suffer – or even fail!!!
TPS
D. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
TPS
Functional Area IS
(e.g. HR, marketing, etc.)
Business Intelligence
(to aid decision-making)
Barcode scanner
Interorganizational System
TPS data
are often
fed to other
systems
Databases
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil
Expert System
Other systems: Dashboard,
ERP, IOS, Web 2.0, etc.
E. Management Information Systems
1.
Provide people with useful information (hopefully!)
•
•
2.
E.g., periodic summary reports, comparison reports
Alternate name: “Management Alerting Systems”
Beware!
•
Managers can get swamped with too many reports
3. A MIS typically uses information that has already
been captured and cradled into a database
•
4.
Quick question: Which type of IS might collect the data?
The key Cs: Create and Convey
•
See figure
E. Management Information Systems
Management Information System
Management
Information System
E. Management Information Systems
5.
You will learn how to create systems that help to transform
data tables into more useful information
•
First half of quarter  MS Access
•
Second half of quarter  MS Excel
MIS Example: Using Excel to transform a data table into a
more useful form (PivotChart) – See Excel book: Tutorial 5
MIS Example: Using Access to transform a data table into a report
– See Access book: Tutorial 4
DSS, also known as BI (Business Intelligence systems)
F. Decision Support Systems (DSS)
1.
2.
DSS are used to support un/semi-structured problems that
require human judgment
DSS typically allow user to interact with information and
explore (e.g., “What if” analysis – see figure)
Decision maker can
modify sales,
expense, & cost
assumptions to
explore impact on
profit
F. Decision Support Systems (DSS)
3. The key Cs: Create and Convey
4. DSS can come in many forms
•
Managers often use spreadsheet-based DSS
•
MIS 320 Excel experiences will be helpful!
5. Common components of a DSS (see figure)
•
•
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User interface
Model management
Data management
DSS: Paper Production Planning and
Scheduling
Models:
Product demand forecast
Capacity planning/scheduling
Paper roll cutting
Company
Data Base
Easy to use interface,
Data charts, etc.
Cash Flow Projection DSS
PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran
G. Functional & Productivity Systems
Functional Systems
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•
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MSCM: Manufacturing Supply Chain Management
CRM: Customer Relationship Management http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMtv6sbmdLc
PM: Project Management systems
Finance/Accounting
Office Automation Systems
Email/chat, document sharing, meeting
management, publishing, presentations …
Examples:
•
Microsoft Office
•
Google Apps
H. Later in the course …
1. InterOrganizational Systems (IOS)
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Play an important role in electronic commerce
Support flow of information between
a) an organization and
b) business partners
Example: Business-to-Business IOS (B2B)
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•
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Supply chain management
The key C: Communicate (deliver information)
See figure on next slide
Image source: http://www.ecybersolutions.com/commerce.html
InterOrganizational System: Support
linkages between organizations
Which are the B2B
“IOS” Linkages ??
Source: Rainer, Potter, and Turban, Intro to IS, Wiley, 2009.
H. Later in the course … (cont.)
2. Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP)
– Key focus is on the “E” word:
Enterprise Resource Planning
– Offers potential to integrate transaction information across all
organizational departments and functions
3. Systems based on “Web 2.0” technologies
– Examples of technologies
•
Weblogs (blogs), Wikis, Social networking
– Purpose?
•
•
Support web-based collaboration
“Social computing”
I. Identifying IT Opportunities
ERP
DSS
“Web 2.0”
Systems
Functional and
Productivity Systems
MIS
TPS
Other types of IS
IOS
Consider the IS applications in your organization and ask
yourself …
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•
In which categories do our applications fit?
Are we missing out on opportunities to compete more
effectively through new information technology?