Comparing the Physical
Properties of Pure Substances
6.P.2.3
Warm Up
This is an example of matter;
Can you identify it?
How would you classify it?
Think of ways scientists could classify different
types of matter?
Classification of Gold
At room temperature:
• Shiny
• Hard
• Does not dissolve in water
• Does not smell (no odor)
• Does not melt
• Density = 19.3 g/cm3
• Melting Point = 1062 °C
• Boiling Point = 2000 °C
What is Characteristic Properties?
Characteristic properties of
matter are used by scientists to
identify/ classify different
substances
Physical Properties:
• Properties that can be measured and
observed (no chemical change to the
substance)
• Includes: color, odor, density,
solubility, melting point,
boiling point
Vocabulary
• Classifyassign (someone or something) to a particular class or
category.
"elements are usually classified as metals or nonmetals"
synonyms:
categorize, group, rank, rate,
order, organize, range, sort, type,
• Physical Propertiesare used to observe and describe matter
without changing its property.
Ways to classify characteristic
properties of matter
• State of Matter:
– solid, liquid, gas
• Mass
• Volume
• Color
• Odor
• Density
• Visibility:
– Translucent, transparent,
opaque
•
•
•
•
•
•
Solubility
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Dull/ Shiny
Texture
Flexibility
Activity:
Can you identify your
original cookie?
Density
Volume
Mass
Weight
How light or heavy
something is
because of its size.
How much space an
object takes up
The amount of
matter contained in
an object.
The force of gravity
on an object
It determines an
objects ability to
sink or float.
Mass = Density
Volume
L x W x H= Volume
or measure it with
water with odd
shaped objects
It is measured in
grams and ounces.
It always stays the
same.
It always stays the
same.
Density
Is a measurement of how tightly matter
is crammed together. It tells you how
light or heavy something is because of
its size.
Measuring Volume
We will be using graduated cylinders to
find the volume of liquids and other objects.
Read the measurement based on the bottom of the
meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make
sure you are eye-level with the level of the water.
What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____mL
What causes the meniscus?
A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid
attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on
the sides.
Top Image: http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2006/grade8/science/images/20graphicaa.gif
Bottom Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/meniscus.htm
What is the volume of water in each cylinder?
Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.
Images created at http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/primaryframework/downloads/SWF/measuring_cylinder.swf
Measuring Liquid Volume
Measuring Solid Volume
9 cm
We can measure the volume of regular object
using the formula length x width x height.
8 cm
_____ X _____ X _____ = _____
We can measure the volume of
irregular object using water displacement.
Amount of H2O with object = ______
About of H2O without object = ______
Difference = Volume = ______
Click here for an online activity about volume.
Choose Lessons  Volume & Displacement
http://resources.edb.gov.hk/~s1sci/R_S1Science/sp/e
n/syllabus/unit14/new/testingmain1.htm
10 cm
Boiling Point
Boiling and Melting Points
• Boiling Point – The temperature at
which liquid matter experiences the
same pressure as the atmospheric
pressure
Freezing and Melting Points
32 ͦF/ 0 ͦC
Physical changes can involve changes in energy.
• Melting Point – The temperature at which
solid matter turns to liquid
• Freezing Point – The temperature at which
liquid matter turns to solid
Physical Changes
• States of matter change (solid, liquid, gas) due
to changes in energy / temperature
Physical Changes
• Boiling and freezing are physical
changes that make the molecules of a
substance move faster or slower and
be closer or farther apart.
• The molecules are not changed
chemically!
Physical Properties
Physical Properties involve things that
can be measured without changing
the chemical properties
Some factors that can change the
characteristic properties of matter are
heat, temperature, and pressure
Physical Changes
• Matter can undergo physical changes that only
affect physical properties
Example : wood cut in half
both pieces still have the
same physical properties
Physical Properties of Matter
• Solubility – The ability for a substance to
dissolve
Solutions, Solvents, & Solubility
• Solution- is a mixture of substances
• Solvent- is the part of the solution that is
present in the greatest amount
– The most common solvent is water.
• Solutes-is the part of the solution that gets
dissolved in the solvent
Solvent + Solutes = Solutions
Water + Sugar = Sugar Water
SOLUBILITY
• Solubility = the amount of solute that will
dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a
given temperature
• An important factor that influences solubility
is the temperature of the solute and the
solvent.
• All things are not soluble
Factors Affecting Solubility
• The nature of the solute and solvent: different
substances have different solubility
• Temperature: many solid substances become
more soluble as the temp of a solvent increases;
however, gases are less soluble in liquids at higher
temps.
• Pressure: Only affects the solubility of gases. As
pressure increases, the solubility of gases
increases.
Solutions
sugar
salt
sand
oil
Vinegar
copper sulfate
Soluble or Insoluble?
Observations
Activity
It looks as though none of
the substance has
disappeared
It looks as if all or most of
the substance has
disappeared