The End of Spanish Rule
Chapter 6
1750
1800
1763:
The Treaty of Paris ends the
French and Indian War
1850
French and Indian War
• Great Britain defeats France
• Ended in 1763 by the Treaty of Paris
• France’s North American lands divided
between Great Britain and Spain
– Great Britain gets land east of Mississippi
River and Canada
– Spain gets land west of Mississippi River
and New Orleans
• France is no longer a threat in North
America
French and Indian War – Treaty of Paris
1750
1800
1803:
The United States buys
Louisiana from France
1763:
The Treaty of Paris ends the
French and Indian War
1850
The Louisiana Purchase
• 1800-Spain sold Louisiana back to
France
• 1803-France sold Louisiana to the
United States for $15 million
• The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size
of the United States
• Spain and America argued about the
boundary
The Adams-Onís Treaty
The Sabine River
became the eastern
border of Texas
The U.S. gave up all
claims to Texas
Finally, in
1819, the
Adams-Onís
Treaty
settled the
boundary
dispute
Spain ceded Florida to
the United States
1750
1850
1800
1810:
Mexican Independence
Movement started
1803:
The United States buys
Louisiana from France
1763:
The Treaty of Paris ends the
French and Indian War
The Call for Independence
• The people of Mexico became unhappy
with foreign rule
– The best jobs were reserved for the Spanish,
not the mestizos
– Mexico paid for Spanish wars in Europe
• September 16, 1810 – Father Miguel
Hidalgo y Costilla issued a call, or grito,
for independence
• Father Hidalgo was executed after being
caught
The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
(Green Flag Rebellion)
• Rebels from Mexico and the United
States organized into the Republican
Army of the North and declared
independence for Texas
• On August 18, 1813, an army of
Royalists, or Spanish loyalists,
ambushed the rebels south of San
Antonio at the Battle of Medina
• It was the bloodiest battle ever fought
on Texas ground
The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
(Green Flag Rebellion)
• How bloody, you ask?
– The republicans were annihilated
– Those that weren’t killed and were caught and
subsequently executed
– About 1,300 of the 1,400 rebels were killed (that’s
about 93%)
– More than 40% of the population of Texas was
killed in the battle
– Only 55 Royalists were killed
– The bodies of the republican rebels were left to rot
for nine years before being allowed to be buried
Effects of the Green Flag Rebellion
• The Battle of Medina ended the
Gutierrez-Magee expedition, but…
– It was so disastrous that the battlefield has
been lost because people would not talk
about it
– A Royalist lieutenant was recognized for his
bravery in battle
• It was there that he learned brutality and a take-noprisoners strategy from the Royalist Spaniards
• He would go on to use that no-mercy strategy against
rebels in Texas 23 years later in a mission in San Antonio
• His name was…
1750
1850
1800
1810:
Mexican Independence
Movement started
1803:
The United States buys
Louisiana from France
1763:
The Treaty of Paris ends the
French and Indian War
1821:
Mexico gains independence
from Spain
Mexico Gains Independence
• The Mexican war for independence
continued until 1821
• A disgruntled Royalist colonel named
Agustín de Iturbide changed sides and
was joined by armies across Mexico
• In September 1821, Spain granted
independence to Mexico
– Texas became a province of
• Agustín de Iturbide accepted the throne
as emperor of Mexico
Mexican National Anthem
Mexicans, at the cry of war,
prepare the steel and the steed,
and may the earth shake at its
core
to the resounding roar of the
cannon.
Gird, oh country, your brow with
olive
the divine archangel of peace,
for your eternal destiny was
written
in the heavens by the hand of
God.
But if some strange enemy
should dare
to profane your ground with his
step,
think, oh beloved country,
that heaven
has given you a soldier in every
son.
War, war without truce to any who
dare
to tarnish the country's coat-ofarms!
War, war! Take the national
pennants
and soak them in waves of blood.
War, war! In the mountain, in the
valley,
the cannons thunder in horrid
unison
and the resonant echoes
cry out Union, Liberty!
Oh country, 'ere your children
defenseless bend their neck to the
yoke,
may your fields be watered with
blood,
may they trod upon blood.
And may your temples, palaces
and towers
collapse with horrid clamor,
and their ruins live on to say:
This land belonged to a thousand
heroes.
Oh, country, country, your children
swear
to breathe their last in your honor,
if the trumpet with warlike accent
should call them to fight with
courage.
For you the olive branches!
A reminder for them of glory!
A laurel of victory for you!
For them a tomb with honor!
Mexicans, at the cry of war,
prepare the steel and the steed,
and may the earth shake at its
core
to the resounding roar of the
cannon,
and may the earth shake at its
core
to the resounding roar of the
cannon!
1750
1850
1800
1810:
Mexican Independence
Movement started
1803:
The United States buys
Louisiana from France
1763:
The Treaty of Paris ends the
French and Indian War
1821:
Mexico gains independence
from Spain
The Spanish Legacy
• Spain ruled Texas for 300 years, but neglected
it and there was little growth
• Three settlements existed in Texas’ interior –
San Antonio, Goliad, and Nacogdoches
• What mark did they leave?
– Many places and people have Spanish names
– Roads were left behind
– Spanish customs, like vaqueros and religious
practices, helped form a distinctive Tejano culture