When?
•1776
From Where?
•Great Britain
Why?
•US declared independence from Great
Britain because of unfair taxes
A - 13 Original
Colonies
A

When?
•1783
From Where?
•Great Britain
Why?
•Part of results of
Treaty of Paris
(ended
Revolutionary
War) Land all the way to
Mississippi was given to the US.
B - Western Lands
B
A

When?
•1803
From Where?
•France
Why?
•Napoleon needed $
•Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans
•He got all of this instead! Jefferson believed that the way to prosperity was for as many Americans as possible to own their own small farms.
C - Louisiana
Purchase
C
B
A

Jefferson did not have Constitutional authority to purchase the land, but thought expansion important and deal too good to pass up.
Congress also approved.
The US only paid 4 cents an acre for the Louisiana
Territory
Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore the new lands.

When?
•1819
From Where?
•Spain
Why?
•Andrew Jackson invaded
•Adams-Onis
Treaty-trade rights to TX for FL
•Spain then sold it to us for $5 million
D - Florida
C
B
A
D

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Spain owned East FL and also claimed West Florida which was part of the Louisiana Purchase.
In 1810 and 1812 Americans simply added parts of
West Florida to AL and MS – Spain took no action
In 1818, Andrew Jackson invaded East FL and took over two forts. Though he had been asked to help stop Indian Raids, he was not asked to invade FL.
Spain did not resist very much.
In the Adams-Onis Treaty- due to Spain’s lack of resistance, John Q. Adams offered a deal. US gives up Spanish TX and Spain gives up FL.

When?
•1845
From Where?
•Republic of Texas
(Independent Country)
Why?
•Texas independent from
Mexico in 1836
•Northerners feared it would become a slave state
•Fears finally overcome in
1844 Presidential election
C
E
B
E - Texas
A
D

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Since 1803 there was conflict over whether or not Texas was part of the Louisiana purchase – Spain claimed it was theirs.
In Adams-Onis Treaty America gave up its claim.
At the time few people lived there and Spain wanted it to grow, so they offered land grants.
By 1830 Americans outnumbered Mexicans
Mexican leader Santa Anna place tariffs on trade with the US and would not let anymore Americans migrate
This angered Texans and they fought for Independence.
Although they lost at the Alamo, Texas eventually won independence, and became their own country – Republic of Texas.
Texas became a State in 1845 under President Polk – the north opposed Texas becoming a state because of the slave issue.

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When? 1846
From Where?

Great Britain
Why?

Claimed by four countries
 America demanded
“54 / 40 or fight”
 Britain compromised 49 and U.S. accepted

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Spain, Russia, Great Britain and the United States all claimed the Oregon Territory
Spain gave up rights in Adams-Onis Treaty
Americans began settling in Oregon in the 1830’s when reports of fertile land and economic troubles at home made the West look attractive
Gaining Oregon became a top priority during the presidential election of 1844 with slogans “Fifty-four
Forty, or FIGHT” (54°N - 40°N)

This referred to the line of latitude of the northern border of the land they wanted
In 1846, Great Britain compromised and gave the US
Oregon up to 49°N.

When?
•1848
From Where?
•Mexico
Why?
•Polk offers to buy
G from Mexico & they refuse
•War!
•US wins
•In Treaty of
Guadalupe
Hidalgo, US offers
$15 million for G
F
G
G - Mexican Cession
C
E
B
A
D

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President Polk was determined to get California and New
Mexico territories from Mexico to fulfill “Manifest Destiny.”
He offered to pay Mexico $30 million for the land, but Mexico refused and also said they were going to reclaim Texas.
General Taylor was ordered to march on Mexican soil and when Mexico attacked them, said that Mexico had started the war.
Many including a congressmen, Abraham Lincoln were upset with Polk provoking the war.
After General Winfield Scott invaded Mexico City, Mexico surrendered.
In Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo, and the Gadsden Purchase,
Mexico ceded New Mexico, California, and parts of Arizona in exchange for $25 million.