Standard B.1.k.: Identify and evaluate the political and territorial changes resulting
from westward expansion of the United States in the early nineteenth century.
Standard B.1.l.: Analyze and evaluate federal and state policies toward American
Indians in the first half of the nineteenth century.
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Key Topics:
The Louisiana Purchase
The Convention of 1818
Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
The Missouri Compromise
(1820)
The Indian Removal Act
Worcester v. Georgia
The Trail of Tears
Texas Revolution and the
Mexican War (Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo – 1848)
Manifest Destiny
What official act(s) provided for
the settlement of the land
between the Appalachian
Mountains and the Mississippi
River, its governance, and its
eventual inclusion into the US?
- Two ordinances passed in 1785
and 1787 (during the Articles of
Confederation)
- Settlers pushed into the Old
Northwest where Native
Americans still lived.
- land ordinance of 1785 and
Northwest ordinance of 1787.
Why did President Jefferson
decided to purchase Louisiana
from the French, despite his
admission that he did not have the
Constitutional authority to do so?
In 1801 Spain and France signed a
secret treaty giving Louisiana to
France. France suddenly was a threat
to America and if America did not
purchase Louisiana, it could lead to
war.
What factors promoted a surge of
settlers into the Old Northwest
following the War of 1812?
A westward surge, the end of the war in 1812
was followed by a westward surge to the
Mississippi river that populated the old
northwest (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and
Wisconsin) and the old southwest (Western
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana)
Between 1800 and 1820, the nations population
almost doubled, increasing from 5.3 million to
9.6 million. The most important reason was
because the attractive price of western land.
What motive guided the
establishment of the Ohio
Confederacy under the leadership
of Shawnee brothers Tecumseh
and “the Prophet”?
They began to weld together a farflung confederacy of all the tribes
east of the Mississippi, inspiring a
vibrant movement of Indian unity
and cultural renewal. Their
followers gave up textile clothing
for traditional buckskin garments.
What were the results of President
Jackson’s assertion that allowed
States’ authority to extend their
laws over American Indian lands?
Congress passed an act called the
Indian removal act. The Indians didn’t
think it was right so they refused and
fought the government in the courts.
In 1832 the supreme court ruled that
they couldn’t invade Cherokee land.
Jackson said that they need to enforce
the act. The Cherokees had to move
west.
Who were the Five Civilized Tribes,
and where were they eventually
pushed?
The five civilized tribes are
Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw,
creek and Seminole. The tribes
were pushed to the west.
How did Americans end up in
Texas, what was the Texas
Revolution, what memorable
statement is associated with the
Texas Revolution, and what was
the end result?
- Mexico offered a lot of benefits if they settled in Texas. For
example they were given peace, inexpensive land, and also
they were exempt from paying taxes for 10 years.
What was the Texas Revolution?
- When the American settlers (Anglos) revolted due to cultural
differences, like how Anglo brought over slaves but Mexico
abolished slavery in 1829 and the language difference (English
and Spanish).
What memorable statement is involved in the Texas
Revolution?
- “remember the Alamo”
What was the end result?
- a war with Mexico as well as eventually the purchase of
California, New Mexico, and Texas.
Describe the arguments for and
against Texas annexation (from
Congress, from the North, from the
South) and explain what ultimately
led President Polk to provoke the
war with Mexico).
- The North was against because there
was more land for slavery and the
South would gain political power.
- The South was for it more land for
slavery and cotton. South would gain
political power.
- President Tyler is for it. Manifest
Destiny president Polk for it for
Manifest Destiny.
- Congress passed Texas annexation.
What were the terms of the Treaty
of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)?
- Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande as
the border between Texas and Mexico
and ceded the New Mexico and
California territories to the U.S.
- The U.S. agreed to pay $15 million for
the Mexican cession, which included
present day California, Nevada, New
Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, and
parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
Manifest Destinythe 19th century belief that the
United States would inevitably
expand westward to the Pacific
Ocean and into Mexican and
Native American territory.