WWII
Totalitarianism – state has complete control
Communism
Sole
the people
AimsFocus:
to create
a
classless society – all
people equal
 No private property
 Working class should
overthrow the wealthy
minority


Fascism – bundle of rods





Sole
Focus:
the state
Stresses
loyalty
to the
state
Believes in class
superiority
Forbids/puts down
opposition
Uses violence and war
to invigorate the people
– When a government
is ruled by one, single, person




USSR: Josef Stalin (Communist)
Italy: Benito Mussolini (Fascist)
Japan: Emperor Hirohito (Fascist)
Germany: Adolf Hitler (Fascist)
Italy





Inflation- Rising Prices
Unemployment
Communist Led Strikes
Middle & Upper Class demand leader
1922 – Mussolini organizes fascist
group: “Black Shirts”
 Marches


to Rome
King appoints Mussolini head of
Government
“Il Duce”
Soviet Union


1917 Bolshevik Revolution – led by Lenin
When Lenin died USSR on its way to prosperity
Land
 Bread
 Peace



Economy began to slow, low production led to starvation
and disease
Government owned all
large business, private ownership of small business
1924: Stalin ends private ownership
Japan



Living Room – Japanese need
more space
Military seizes Manchuria
Racial superiority leads to
horrible crimes
 Rape


of Nanking
League of Nations condemns
Japan
Japan quits League of Nations
Germany
 Inflation – rising Prices
Treaty
of Versailles
 1914:
Marks = $1
Took
away4.2
colonies
 1919:
Marksterritories
= $1
Took
away8.9
border
Rhineland
1923: 4.2 BILLION MARKS = $1
 6 Sudetenland
Million unemployed
Poland
Germany took SOLE
responsibility
Weimar Republic
Not strong, military unhappy
Hitler’s Rise to Power





1889: Born in Austria
1907: Failed Art Student
1918: Decorated veteran of WWI
1919: National Socialist Party (Nazis)
1923: Wanted to imitate Mussolini’s March to
Rome





Marched to Munich, Arrested, Sent to Jail
1925: “Mein Kampf” My struggle
1932: Elected, quickly moves up to “Chancellor”
1933: Uses crisis of Reichstag Fire to be given
more control
1934: Fuhrer
Axis Powers
Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Hideki Tojo, Josef Stalin
March 1936

Rhineland – Along Rhine River (between France, Germany)
Austria
March 1938

Anschluss – union – with Austria
Austria
September 1938
– Czechoslovakia
Austria
– Hitler can have
Sudetenland

Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini
: GIVING IN TO KEEP PEACE
"You were given the choice between war and
dishonor. You chose dishonor and you will have war."
March1939 – all of Czechoslovakia
March1939

Result: England & France Draw the line…
Versailles Treaty Checklist- Who’s next?
?
Austria
France & England vow to protect
Poland
September 1, 1939
September 1, 1939
England & France Declare War against
Germany
– Lightning War (throwing
everything you got at ‘em)
Invading Poland might threaten whom?
: Germany & USSR
 Germany:
I’ll leave you alone, you stay out of my way
 In return I’ll give you some of the pie
– Great Britain & France


Color allied powers with blue stripes
Who is next??
– “Phony War”

Winter 1939 – 1940… um…
– Defense between
France and Germany
April 1940: Germany (and Italy)
attack France
June 1940 – France Falls
– Controlled by French
officials who cooperate with Hitler
1940 Allies versus Axis Powers

Who’s Hitler’s next
target?
Battle of Britain - 1940
(German Air Force) bombed London
British Royal Air Force
(RAF) Fought back
Children were sent
away for the “Blitz”
RADAR: detected
Luftwaffe planes
Battle of the Atlantic

"When you think how easy it is to sink ships at sea,
and how hard it is to build them, and when you
realise that we never had less than 2000 ships
afloat, and 300 to 400 in the danger zone, and of
the great Armies we are nuturing,and reinforcing in
the East, and of the world wide traffic we have to
carry on, when you think of all this, can you wonder
that it is the Battle of the Atlantic which holds the
first place in the thoughts of those upon whom the
responsibility for final Victory rests.”

1,120,000 Russians
Dead
Battle of Stalingrad
850,000 Germans KIA
100,000 German
Summer 1941: Hitler breaks the Nonaggression
Pact
POWs
 Invades Soviet Union
6,000 POWs survived
 USSR


thus joins Allies!
TURNING POINT
Blitzkrieg quickly moves through Russia OF WAR IN
August, 1942: Nazis invade Stalingrad
EUROPE
 Germans
surrender in 1943
Where is the USA??

America was staying NEUTRAL!
 After
WWI, Americans did not want to go to WAR
again
 1st:
No WEAPONS for countries at WAR
 2nd:
: could buy weapons with CASH
 Americans
would lend England WEAPONS for FREE
USS Enterprise
Pearl Harbor




: Germany,
Italy, Japan would help each
other create a “new order”
America placed an
embargo on Japan
because of aggression
Japanese wanted to
neutralize Americans
Pearl Harbor is attacked
FDR’s Address to America

“A day that will live in infamy”
USS Lexington
USS Saratoga
2,400 American Dead
1,200 Wounded
300 planes damaged or
destroyed
18 warships sunk or
damaged
– the fight for North Africa


After France fell, the fight shifted to whom would
control the Mediterranean Sea, North Africa, and
the Suez Canal
Italy, in Libya, tried to flush out the British from
Egypt
 They
failed
Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa
Erwin Rommel
“Desert Fox”
Dwight D. Eisenhower
– the fight for North Africa



Rommel led brilliantly
But the British won a decisive battle at
The US entered the fight in 1941 at Morocco, and
swept east, Brits swept west
On to Italy





Do you want to “die for Mussolini
and Hitler, or live for Italy and
civilization?”
Italians chose life, Turned over
Mussolini
Hitler pushed back
: segregated
unit of African Americans, first
pilots
Slowed towards Rome
Americans landed at
, got
stuck, southern troops freed them
D-Day





Operation Overlord
June 6, 1944
Paratroopers
Fired on beaches
5 Beaches
 Omaha
- US
 Utah -US
 Gold -UK
 Sword -UK
 Juno –Can
Battle of the Bulge




US causalities: 19,000 dead,
62,000 wounded
German causalities: 84,000
December 1944
Hitler wanted to push Allies
Back during Winter!
Goal: Neutralize the Western
Front
American pilots dropped
supplies and bombed Axis
The Home Front

RATIONING: Conserving at home to help the war effort
Fats & Oils – gunpowder and armaments
 Rubber
 Gas
 Metal
 Nylons
 Sugar
 Meat
 Butter



VICTORY GARDENS: to help conserve
Ration Books & Points: You were only allowed to buy so much
of the above each week. Your Ration book helped you keep
track
Women’s Role




VICTORY BONDS: Invest in the
nation/war effort now, get your
savings back later
Knitting, Collection Drives
WAVES: "Women Accepted for
Volunteer Emergency Service” Joined
the NAVY
Employment
Women took the jobs men left when they
went to war
 Rosie the Riveter: propaganda figure
meant to encourage women to take men’s
jobs

Propaganda



Look at your Propaganda poster with A PARTNER
Answer the questions in the Cartoon Analysis
questions
Change letter D to:
 What
TACTIC did they use to convince the viewer?
 Fear
 Patriotism
 Encouragement
 Other?
The Problem with Propaganda…
Stand in the Place Where you…

Strongly Disagree

Strongly Agree

Disagree

Agree
The Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to
eliminate all Jews from Europe
AntiSemitism
Nuremburg
Laws
Kristallnacht
• Prejudice towards the Jewish Race
• SCAPEGOAT: person who takes blame
• Aim: To humiliate the Jews
• Examples: Star of David, citizenship taken away
• German for: “Night of the Broken Glass”
• Germans broke Jewish store windows and burned
synagogues
The Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to
eliminate all Jews from Europe
Ghettos
Concentration
Camps
Holocaust
• Purpose: to separate the Jews from society
• Description: Crowded, little food, thousands of killings
• Purpose: kill millions Jews by work & murder
• Description: Little food, filthy, disease, crematoriums,
shootings, gassings
• Definition: the systematic killing of Jews, gypsies,
disabled, Communists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Catholics,
Homosexuals, and other groups during WWII
Genocide
The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire
race, ethnicity, or religious group
How to Analyze a Primary Source
WATCHING NEIGHBORS
AMSTERDAM, THE
NETHERLANDS, JUNE 20,
1943
Jews assembled for
transport to
theWesterbork transit
camp (a way station to
the Auschwitz killing
center), in a photograph
taken clandestinely from a
nearby building.
Neighborhood boys watch
from the corner (left) and
other local residents from
their window (center).
Do Now:
You should
be working
quietly, as
individuals,
for about 5
minutes
Group work
should be
productive
and ON
TASK

Analyze your primary source
 Observe
it without writing anything down
for about a minute
 Answer the questions on your form
 If your question doesn’t apply to you write
N/A

When everyone is done, share what you
know about the image, and how it was
a sign of the coming genocide
Evaluating the Evidence
Which one
piece of
evidence will
you bring to
FDR?
What 3
questions will he
ask?
Which images
are most
powerful/least
powerful?
Reflection Collins Type I
Millions of Europeans (and Americans) did nothing when
these initial steps to the holocaust began in 1935. Had
the Europeans stepped forward and done something
when the Jews were being humiliated and separated, the
Holocaust might have been prevented.
Internment Camps

Executive order 9066




Camps in Southwest


Only factor was racial background
Internment Camps: only allowed to bring what they could carry.
Homes, businesses, left behind


Armed forces power to establish military zones
Forced people to leave zones
Remove Japanese Americans from Western US
Life was hard – harsh climate, barbed wire, armed guards
442nd Regimental Combat Team: highest awarded regiment in
history


Lost 800 men saving Texan 1st Batallian
Received more than 18,000 individual decorations
Yalta Conference – January 1945





FDR (elected for the FOURTH time)
Churchill
Stalin
Meet in resort town in Russia
What do we do with Germany when we win??

Divide the country into SECTORS
US
 Soviets
 British
 French



Elections in Poland
USSR would declare war on Japan within 3 months of
German defeat
Crossing the Rhine - March 1945
April
April 30,
12, 1945
1945




Eisenhower decides to allow USSR to take Berlin
After Hitler’s death, German armies scattered
May 7 Germans agree to a surrender
VE DAY: MAY 8, 1945, Victory in Europe Day
Island Hopping – US strategy in Pacific,
targeting weaker islands to reach Japan
Douglas
MacArthur
–Death
led
to
defend
May,
1942:
Battle
of Jima:
Sea:
Aircraft
“I
will
return.”
Bataan
March:
5
days
February
1945,
Iwo
rugged
terrain,
caves
August,
December
1942:
7,
1941:
Guadalcanal:
limited
US
6
ability
months,
April,
October,
1945:
1944:
Okinawa
Leyete
launching
Gulf
–Coral
Return
pad
to
formen
Philippines,
final
invasion
largest
ofto
Japan
Naval
June,
1942
,
Midway:
Japanese
lured
US
into
st stop in Japanese Advance
Carriers,
1
110,000
Battle…Kamikaze
Japanese
(divebombers)
killed
– boost
would
fight
to
lastthe
manrun!
marching
to
RR,
thousands
&
–by
7000
US,
Japanese
Philippines,
forced
to20,000
leave
men
seatunnels
battle
attacking
island,
we
knew
plan
bloody
strike
back,
fighting:
major
put
Japan
forkilled
on
Japanese
pride
US Strengths:
Focus on Weaker Islands
Soviets eased pressure in Europe
War Production
Navajo Code Talkers!
Manhattan Project

Albert Einstein comes to America!



Writes a Letter describing atomic
bomb to FDR
Los Alamos, New Mexico
Top-Secret American program to
build Atomic Bomb

Motivated by the idea that Germany
was already working on a bomb of
their own
– knew nothing

about the project
July 26 – issued a demand for
Japan’s surrender
Hiroshima –August 6, 1945





ENOLA GAY – American B-29
dropped “Little Boy”
80,000 people died immediately
35,000 injured
2/3 of the citiy’s 90,000 buildings
destroyed
Japan’s leaders took no action to
end the war
Nagasaki –August 9, 1945





“Fat Boy”
40,000 dead
Emperor Hirohito favored
surrender
Military leaders resisted
VJ DAY- August 15