THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
CH. 7
• Strong, fibrous, white
bands that attach
_______ to __________.
TENDONS
– Facilitate movement
• Muscles that ORIGINATE
at one bone may not
INSERT on the same
bone.
– The site of insertion
moves when the muscle is
contracted.
origin
insertion
APONEUROSIS
• Broad sheet of flat connective tissue
that serves as a tendon to attach
muscles to bone or to bind muscles
together
• Flat and ribbon-like
TENDON SHEATH
•Connective tissue surrounding
tendons where there is a long
distance to the distal
attachment or where the tendon
pulls over a joint
LIGAMENT
•Strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect
__________ OR _______________.
•They aid or restrict movement and support
organs
FASCIA
• Sheet of fibrous membrane
that encloses muscles and
separates them into groups
MOTOR NERVE
• Causes muscle to move by stimulating a group of
muscle cells.
• Nerve cell + group of muscle cells =
– ___________________ unit
circumduction
• ____________ – bending at a joint
• _____________ – straightening at a
joint
• ______________ – moving a body
part away from the body
• ______________ – moving a body
part toward the body
• ______________ – turning a body
part on its axis
• ________________ – circular
movement
COMPOSITION OF MUSCLE
• Muscle is composed of long, slender cells called
_____________.
– They vary in size, but are large compared to the
body’s other cells
• ______________ is the plasma membrane of a
muscle cell.
• ______________ is the cytoplasm
• FASCIA encloses the fibers which are held together
by connective tissue
CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLES
• SKELETAL
– VOLUNTARY
– STRIATED
• SMOOTH
– INVOLUNTARY
– NONSTRIATED
• VISCERAL
• CARDIAC
– INVOLUNTARY
– STRIATED
• HEART
• ORBICULARIS OCULI (C)– moves the
eyelids
• MASSETERS (M) – muscles of mastication
that raise the mandible to close the jaw
FACIAL
MUSCLES
MUSCLES OF NECK, BACK,
AND THORAX
•PECTORALS (7) –
forms chest, adducts
forelimb
•LATISSIMUS DORSI
(2) – broadest muscle
in the back.
MUSCLES OF THORAX
-INTERCOSTALS (external
and internal):respiratory
muscles that are located
between the ribs
–DIAPHRAGM – wall that
separates the abdominal
and thoracic cavities
MUSCLES OF FORELIMB
• BICEPS BRACHII – flex the forelimb;
found on cranial surface
• TRICEPS BRACHII – extend the
forelimb; found on caudal surface
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES
• KEEP VISCERA IN PLACE, SUPPORT AND
COMPRESS THE ABDOMEN, CONTRACT
(DURING PARTURITION, DEFECATION,
URINATION, COUGHING), ROTATE THE
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
•
•
•
•
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
RECTUS ABDOMINUS
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINUS
• _________ _______ – fibrous band of connective
tissue that is the center of attachment of the
abdominal muscles on the ventral abdominal wall
MUSCLES OF THE HINDLIMB
• QUADRICEPS FEMORIS (thigh)extend the hind leg. Located on
cranial surface of leg
– Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis,
vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
• HAMSTRINGS – flex the leg.
Located on caudal surface of leg
- Semimembranosus, semitendinosus,
biceps femoris
MUSCLES OF THE HINDLIMB
• GASTROCNEMIUS (calf)
– Flexes the foot
– Forms the Achilles Tendon
• GLUTEALS
– Located over the pelvis
– Move the hip joint