Chapter 3
England Discovers its Colonies
Empire, Liberty, and Expansion
I. Mercantilism
II. Navigation Acts
III.Conversion of the Indians
IV.Indian Wars
a)
Indian revolts/wars
b)
Bacon’s Rebellion
V. Salem Witch Trials
VI.Glorious Revolution in America
VII.Governing Styles of French, Spanish, English
Chapter 3
England Discovers its Colonies
Empire, Liberty, and Expansion
I. Mercantilism
What were the goals of mercantilists?
Colony and mother country
Why Mercantilism ?
II. Navigation Acts
- were a series laws which restricted the use
of foreign shipping for trade between England
and its colonies, which started in 1651.
Instigated animus that will lead to revolution.
The Navigation Act of 1651 - English trade
should be carried in English vessels.
Treaty of Westminster 1654
• The Navigation Act 1660 -ships' crews had to be threequarters English, and "enumerated" products not produced
by the mother country, such as tobacco, cotton, and sugar
were to be shipped from the colonies only to England or
other English colonies.
• The Navigation Act 1663 required all European goods
bound for America (or other colonies) to be shipped
through England or Wales first.
• Treaty of Westminster 1674
• Colonists basically not pleased –
responded unfavorably to these acts.
• WHY?
• Culpeper's Rebellion - 1677–79
III. Conversion of Indians
1st began in 1640 (MA)
Not a one way street
By 1670s – most of the Indians not killed off by disease, lived in what were
described as PRAYING TOWNS
Resistance to conversion created problems between Indian and White
IV. Indian Wars
- Different colonies dealt with tribes
differently. No consistency.
- Pennsylvania:
- William Penn
- Frame of Government 1682
- Algonquin and Sachem Tammany Indians
- New England:
Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War) 1675 – 1676
- disaster for Indians
- proselytizing by Puritans (praying towns)
- greed
- Indians - humiliation
1675 Plymouth -arrested three Wampanoags and executed them
Why might he be stealing?
Indians assembled to request justice/satisfaction
Settlers dismissed them
War broke out
-Virginia
-Same time as King Phillips War
Doegs
Susquehannocks
Governor Berkeley
Nathaniel Bacon
-1670s: Susquehannock people of Upper Potomac river in conflict with Virginia
tobacco planters (Bacon is one)
• Spanish - 1680
•
•
New Mexico area: Pueblo Indians: conflict, resistance
Pueblo people harbored hostility toward the Spanish, primarily due to their
denigration and prohibition of the traditional religion.
•
Labor, encomienda, mines
•
•
1670s – drought, Apache
Brutal treatment by Spanish
•
Popé
V. Salem Witch Trials
• As busy as the colonists may have been
with Indians, they were also wrapped up
with fears of demons and devils – Salem in
17th century.
VI. European Problems: 1680s - 1700
- Spain at war with France 1683.
- League of Augsburg
- King James II flees England
- William and Mary
- Declaration of Rights in England- 1689
- France at war with Britain – 1689
- 1697 – Treaty of Ryswick
- French recognize William III as King
VII. Glorious Revolution in America
Concern over Catholic plots by Protestants in colonies
Popish Plot?
Titus Oates – 1678 – 1681
Exclusion Bill
-Royal Declaration of Indulgence
- Britain loses absolute control over colonies
- Parliament takes control.
- Civil liberties, charter of rights
- Ideas that would develop into catalysts for American
revolution
- Rights of man from God, not government
-Changes that came from the Glorious Revolution impacted colonists in 17th
and 18th century (and 19th).
-Republicanism
-Science and technology
Much changed during the revolution in England
- less interest in the colonies
- crown was not supreme power – rights from God, not crown
- Greed is good.
VIII. Governing Styles: French, Spanish
French (Inclusive)
Spanish (Inclusive~Exclusive)
MISC TERMS / IDEAS
Primogeniture –
Entail –
Toleration Acts 1689 in England?
How was military service viewed by colonists?
Who / What was/were the FIVE NATIONS?
17th century Philosophers – attitudes about government and positive
legislation.