Combined Ionic and
Covalent Compounds
Everything together
Properties of Ionic
Compounds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Electrons are transferred (Made of Ions)
Metal and a Nonmetal present (except NH4+
may be present)
High Melting Points
High Boiling Points
Normally Solids at Room Temperature
Conduct electricity when liquid or dissolved
Normally dissolve in Water
Properties of Covalent
Compounds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Electrons are shared (no ions)
Only Nonmetals present (NH4+ will be ionic)
Low Melting Points
Low Boiling Points
Normally Gases and Liquids or solids at
Room Temp
Don’t conduct electricity
Normally DON’T dissolve in water
Molecules and Compounds
1.
2.
3.
MOLECULE: 2 or more atoms
COVALENTLY Bonded. (Maybe the same
element)
COMPOUND: 2 or more DIFFERENT
atoms combined
MOLECULAR COMPOUND (Both): 2 or
more DIFFERENT atoms COVALENTLY
bonded.
IONIC COMPOUNDS

A CATION combined with an ANION to form
a neutral compound (formula unit)



NaCl, CuF2, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)SO4
Normally has a metal and a nonmetal or one
or more Polyatomic Ions.
Electrons are transferred and opposite
charges bring the ions together.
COVALENT COMPOUNDS

NO IONS are present



Except Polyatomic Ions themselves are covalent
Made up of NONMETALS only
Electrons are shared to complete Octets (8
electrons per atom) except H which gets 2
electrons
NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS
Name the Cation first
1.
1.
2.
Groups 1, 2, Ag, Cd, Zn, Al and Ammonium get
NO ROMAN NUMERIAL
All other Metals get a Roman Numerial which is
the CHARGE
Name the Anion
2.
1.
2.
Negative elements end in –ide
Polyatomics get their ate or ite
NAMING COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
1.
2.
3.
Use Prefixes to state the number of each
type of element present
DON’T use mon on the first element
LAST name ends in ide
TERMS



ION: An atom or group of atoms that lost or
gained electrons and has a charge
ANION: A negatively charged atom or group
of atoms. Has gained one or more electrons
CATION: A positively charged atom or group
of atoms. Has lost one or more electrons
MORE TERMS



OCTET RULE: All atoms need 8 valence
electrons, Except H, He, Li, Be – 2 only
CHEMICAL FORMULA: A representation of
a substance using symbols for its constituent
elements
FORMULA UNIT: The smallest repeating unit
of a substance. The molecule for nonionic
substances. Also called the Empirical
formula
EVEN MORE TERMS



IONIC BOND: A chemical link between two
atoms caused by the electrostatic force
between oppositely-charged ions in an ionic
compound.
COVALENT BOND: a chemical link between
two atoms in which electrons are shared
between them.
POLYATOMIC ION: Two or more nonmetals
combined together with a charge (YOU
MUST KNOW THE LIST)
AGAIN EVEN MORE




VALENCE ELECTRONS: an electron that is the
most likely to be involved in a chemical reaction.
They are typically the highest energy s and p
electrons.
COMPOUNDS: 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms
combined
MOLECULE: 2 or more atoms COVALENTLY
Bonded
MONOATOMIC ION: An ion made up of only one
type of element.