6,7,8 Test Review
Chapter 6--Learning





Classical Conditioning: Terminology (NS, UCS, CS, CR, UCR); basic processes
(generalization/discrimination, extinction, recovery); higher-order conditioning; short-delayed
conditioning
Operant Conditioning: Law of Effect, Reinforcement (what it is and the different types), shaping,
schedules of reinforcement, escape/avoidance, punishment
Instinctive drift
Signal Relations
Observational learning
Chapter 7--Memory

















Levels of Processing
Elaboration
Dual Coding Theory
Self-referent
Sensory memory
Short-term memory: capacity, Miller, chunking
Baddeley’s Working Memory model
Flashbulb memories
Clustering and Conceptual Hierarchies
Schemas/Scripts/Semantic Networks
Misinformation effect
Source/Reality Monitoring
Ebbinghaus: forgetting curve
Recall and recognition
Theories on forgetting: pseudoforgetting, interference (know the types)
Types of Amnesia
Memory Systems
Chapter 8—Language and Thought








Properties of language
Structure of language (phoneme, morpheme, etc…)
Basic development of language
Errors in using words (over/underextension)
Errors in combining words (telegraphic speech, overregularization, etc…)
Theories on language acquisition
Types of problems; barriers to problems; approaches to problems
Heuristics


Decision making
Judging probability
Essay options (remember you will only answer one. The question is which options will I put on the test.)






Explain how a specific phobia could be acquired through classical conditioning. Be sure to
identify the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and
conditioned response in your example. Also, using classical conditioning, indicate how the
phobia could be eliminated
Provide specific, everyday examples of the following operant conditioning phenomena: positive
reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment
Compare the Atkinson-Shriffin model of short-term memory with Baddeley’s more complex
model.
Distinguish between implicit and explicit memory, declarative and procedural memory, semantic
and episodic memory, and explain how these are interrelated
Compare and contrast the behaviorist and nativist theories on language acquisition. What is the
interactionist view and how has it arisen out of dissatisfaction with the other 2 approaches?
How does risky decision making differ from making decisions about preferences? How do
people generally make each type of decision?