CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
L.O.:
 Identify and name ketones and aldehydes
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS - STRUCTURE
Structure
carbonyl groups consists of
a carbon-oxygen double bond
the bond is polar due to the
difference in electronegativity
Difference
ALDEHYDES - at least one H attached to the carbonyl group
H
CH3
C=O
H
C=O
H
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS - STRUCTURE
Structure
carbonyl groups consists of
a carbon-oxygen double bond
the bond is polar due to the
difference in electronegativity
Difference
ALDEHYDES - at least one H attached to the carbonyl group
H
CH3
C=O
H
C=O
H
KETONES - two carbons attached to the carbonyl group
CH3
C2H5
C=O
CH3
C=O
CH3
R
O
C
H
or RCHO
Aldehydes are named using the suffix –al.
H
O
C
or HCHO is methanal
H
O
H
Or C6H5CHO.
Benzenecarbaldehyde
Name this Aldehydes
H O
H C C H
H
H H O
H C C C H
H H
H H O
H C C C H
H CH3
Ethanal
Propanal
2-Methylpropanal
Ketones are named using the suffix –one.
H O H
H C C C H
H
H
Propanone (acetone)
Name the following ketones
H H O H
H C C C C H
H H
H
Butanone
H H O H H
H C C C C C H
H H
H H
3-Pentanone
H H O H H H
H C C C C C C H
H H
H H H
3-Hexanone
H H O H H H
H C C C C C C H
H CH3 H H H
2-methyl-3-hexanone
Solubility in water:
Shorter chain aldehydes and ketones
mix completely with water because of
hydrogen bonds between the oxygen
of the carbonyl group and water. As
the length of the carbon increases,
they become less soluble in water.
Reactivity: