Cells/Macromolecules
Chemistry of Life
Chapter 2
Objectives: Know the functions of each group of organic
compound/macromolecule
Vocabulary
Create a flash card for the following
Words (all from Chapter 2 or use
Glossary):
6.
1. Monomer
7.
2. Polymer
8.
3. Carbohydrate
9.
4. Proteins
5. Reactant
Products
Activation energy
Catalyst
Enzyme
Carbon Molecules
Carbon Molecules
• Can be very LARGE
• A POLYMER is a molecule, like a carbon molecule, that
consists of repeated, linked units.
• Large polymers are called MACROMOLECULES
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
•Compounds made of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen atoms
•Living things use carbohydrates as their
main source of Energy
Carbohydrates
Lipids
•Mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms
•Not soluble in water, made of fatty acids
•Olive oil is an example
•Used to store energy
Nucleic Acids
•Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
phosphorus atoms
•Formed from NUCLEOTIDES (a 3 part
monomer of a sugar, phosphate, and
nitrogen base)
•Store and transmit hereditary material
(DNA)
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
• Contain Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Composed of polymers called amino acids
(contain –NH2 and –COOH)
• Some proteins control the rate of reactions
within cells, some form bone and muscle, some
transport substances into or out of cells and help
fight diseases
INTERACTIVE
•Create a 4-flap book to describe and
illustrate the 4 types of
MACROMOLECULES!
•Must include a picture
•Must include a description (can be the
definition)
Chemical Reactions
• A chemical reaction is a process that changes
one set of chemicals into another set of
chemicals.
• Some chemical reactions occur slowly (like
rusting), some occur quickly (like explosions)
• Chemical reactions always involve the breaking
of bonds and forming of new ones
Chemical Reaction Brain Pop of Video Clip
Energy in Reactions
•Not all chemical reactions will start on their
own.
•The energy needed to start a chemical
reaction is called ACTIVATION ENERGY.
Catalysts
• Some chemical reactions that are necessary for
life are very slow or have high activation
energies.
• These chemical reactions are made possible by
using a CATALYST.
• A CATALYST is a substance that speeds up the
rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the
required activation energy.
Enzymes
•ENZYMES are proteins that act as
CATALYSTS.
•Cells use enzymes to speed up
chemical reactions that take place
within the cells.
Catalyst Video Clip
Catalyst Graphing Activity
Macromolecule POGIL
Assessment
• Answer questions 1-3 on page 53.
• You do NOT have to copy the question, but answers should be in
complete sentences, re-state the question.