Name:__________________________
Mods:______
Date:___________
Biochemistry Study Guide
General topics – Chemistry 101, water and intermolecular interactions, enzyme activity, structure and
function of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, chemical tests for macromolecules
Important terms:
Polar –
Ex:
Non-polar –
Ex:
Isotope –
Ex:
Hydrophobic –
Ex:
Hydrophilic –
Ex:
Compound –
Ex:
Organic compound –
Ex:
Fill in the blank:
1. An acid releases _________________ in solution.
2. A base releases __________________ in solution.
3. Two atoms that share _______________________ have a ________________________ bond.
a. When one atom in a compound donates an __________________________ and the other
accepts it, we say they form a __________________________ bond.
4. Enzymes are _____________________________ (type of macromolecule).
a. They lower _____________________________________ by binding a
____________________________ in its ___________________________________.
b. This is important because human bodies are not hot enough to
________________________________ complex organic molecules without help.
Short Answer:
Draw and label the parts of an atom of carbon. Include charges of particles and label the valence electrons.
Remember to look at your periodic table.
How many bonds can carbon form? Explain why using the term “valence electrons” in your answer.
Give an example, 2 unique characteristics, and the functional unit of each of the following:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic acid
What could you do to an enzyme to cause it to no longer work?
What term describes this event? _______________________________________________
Glucose is a monosaccharide, lactose is a disaccharide, and starch is a polysaccharide.
What is the difference between glucose and lactose?
Between glucose and starch?
Match the macromolecule to its monomer and label the monomer.
A. Carbohydrate
B. Lipid
C. Protein
D. Nucleic Acid
A word to the wise:
Use your Structural Formulas Lab and Macromolecule Study Guide to
quiz yourself.
You will see one or more of the following essays on your test!! Answer in complete sentences.
Short Essay Examples:
1. Explain the function of the 4 major macromolecules in living things? (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids)
2. Your friend asks you what macromolecules are in a mystery food. Design an experiment to answer your friends
question testing for carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and simple sugars.
Important Steps
Your Experiment
Hypothesis
Materials
Carbohydrates
Procedure
Results/Analysis
Proteins
Fats
Simple Sugars
3. Your friend is a vegan who excludes the use of animal products for any lifestyle purpose. When discussing his
vegan diet, you tell him that it is not healthy because it does not allow for a balanced diet. He claims that it is a
much more energy-efficient diet and has less of an impact on the ecosystem. Use scientific evidence to either
support or debunk that claim.
4. Enzyme substrate with graphing.
Time (sec)
Product formed (mg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.40
0.50
0.55
0.60
a. What will happen to the rate of reaction (rate of product formation) if more substrate is added to begin with?
b. Predict the amount of product that will be present at 70 seconds