Sub-Saharan Africa Southern Africa Namib Desert, Skeleton Coast Skeleton Coast & Kalihari Desert Kalahari Swakomund, Namibia, Bismarck Strasse Guess who lives here: The Prime Minister of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, in Harare. The people of Zimbabwe are starving while the world stands by and watches, including South Africa, their closest neighbor. Mugabe on YouTube Political Cartoon drawn 6/25/08, two days before the undisputed runoff between Mugabe and Morgan Tsvangirai, who has dropped out and sought refuge in the Dutch Embassy in Harare. Alarmingly, Mugabe was named as the new head of the Transcontinental African Union in 2015. One wonders how and why? Great Zimbabwe Zimbabwean Sculpture Exhibit, Atlanta Airport Okavango Swamp, Botswana, Hippos Victoria Falls Okavango Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River Mozambique flooding Gapminder Link Table Mountain, Cape Town Robben Island Cape Town Robben Island, 1970s Drakensburg Mountains, South Africa South African High Veld, 1986 Voortrekker Monument, Transvaal Dutch Architecture, Natal Kimberly Diamond Mine Stellenbosch Vineyards, Cape Town Johannesburg Apartheid South African Apartheid, 1948-1994 Sharpeville, SA Massacre, March 21, 1960 69 unarmed protesters against the “pass” laws killed Soweto Uprising, 1976 School Children boycotted the schools in protest against being forced to learn everything in Afrikaans, a ticket to nowhere. Hundreds killed by police. Mohandas K. Gandhi in South Africa, 1895 and India, 1931 Apartheid Cape Town, 1986 SOWETO Johannesburg, 1986 Kwazulu Market Durban, Natal Apartheid-era “Independent & Self-governing” Homelands Natal Pieter Willem Botha (January 12, 1916 – October 31, 2006), commonly known as "PW" and Die Groot Krokodil (Afrikaans for "The Big Crocodile"), was the prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president from 1984 to 1989. Botha was a long-time leader of South Africa's National Party and a staunch advocate of racial segregation and the apartheid system. While in power he made some small concessions towards human rights, but he always refused to apologise for apartheid. He refused to testify at the new government's Truth and Reconciliation Commission and was fined and given a suspended jail sentence for his refusal to testify in relation to human rights violations. He was not related to contemporary National Party politician Roelof Frederik "Pik" Botha, who served as his foreign minister. Frederik Willem de Klerk March 18, 1936) was the last State President of Apartheid-era South Africa, serving from September 1989 to May 1994. De Klerk was also leader of the National Party (which later became the New National Party) from February 1989 to September 1997. De Klerk is best known for engineering the end of apartheid, South Africa's racial segregation policy, and supporting the transformation of South Africa into a multi-racial democracy by entering into the negotiations that resulted in all citizens, including the country's black majority, having equal voting and other rights. He shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Nelson Mandela in 1993 for his role in the ending of apartheid. He was the Deputy President of South Africa during the presidency of Nelson Mandela until 1996. In 1997, he retired from politics. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, 7/18/1918- 12/5/2013 Mandela & Sisulu, Robben Island ANC, 46664, Ubuntu Free after 27 years, 2/11/1994 The Long Walk to Freedom, Nelson Mandela’s autobiography First Mandela interview 1961 Mandela speaks on tolerance On Ubuntu Apartheid on YouTube Nelson Mandela sings about killing whites on YouTube ~ 2000 Apartheid, 1986 Grannies against Poverty & AIDS, Khayelitsha Township, Cape Flats