Colonialism – a system by which a country maintains
colonies outside its borders. (p. 331)
Coup d’etat (koo day-tah) An overthrow of a
government by force. P. 525
Nationalism – a strong pride in ones nation or ethnic
group. (p. 329)
Pan African movement - an ideology and movement that
encourages the solidarity of Africans worldwide. It is
based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social,
and political progress and aims to "unify and uplift"
people of African descent. It was in the 20th century that
Pan Africanism emerged as a distinct political movement
initially formed and led by people from the Diaspora
(people of African heritage living outside of the
Continent).
Partitioning - The "Scramble for Africa" was the invasion,
occupation, colonization and annexation of African
territory by European powers during the period of New
Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the
Partition of Africa and the Conquest of Africa.
Racism – the belief that one race is inferior to another (p.
514)
Sanction – penalty imposed upon a nation that is
violating international law (p. 562)
Apartheid – an official policy of racial separation formerly
practiced in South Africa. (p. 516)
Nelson Mandela - a South African anti-apartheid
revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist who served
as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.
Willem de Klerk - President of South Africa from 1989 to
1994. He lifted the ban on many anti-apartheid groups
and helped with the release of Nelson Mandela.
Negotiations with Mandela and other party leaders were
held for the peaceful end of apartheid and transition to
democratic rule. In 1993, De Klerk and Mandela were
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts at reform
in South Africa.