Answers to Student Book questions P16+17
cardiac – heart; smooth – other body organs; skeletal – bicep
bicep, tricep, forearm
muscles contract, pull on a tendon, and move a bone
contracted muscle: shorter; fatter
the calf muscle contracts, pulls on a tendon attached to a bone in the heel and lifts the heel
quadriceps; calf; abdominal; bicep; forearm
both; squeeze the handgrip strength tester as hard as possible; compare the force of each; higher
force indicates stronger muscles
8. basketball player; uses arm muscles more than a footballer
9. sensible suggestion such as measuring the size of mass that can be lifted using the thighs
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Answers to Student Book questions 18+19
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a suitable bar chart of muscle strength for each patient
yes (but it’s a small sample)
no
checking if muscles are receiving electrical impulses and are contracting
the results would be similar if they were reliable
muscle tear will heal
steroids increase muscle mass, increase strength and improve performance
healthy diet; refrain from drug use
Answers to Student Book questions 20+21
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bicep and tricep; quadriceps and hamstring; calf and shin
bicep contracts, tricep relaxes, arm bends; tricep contracts, bicep relaxes, arm straightens
We need antagonistic muscles to move bones back to their original position.
muscles
good: rubber bands show how muscles contract and relax; poor: shoulder joint is fixed in the body
but not in the model
6. use thicker rubber band; or more rubber bands
7. a) muscle at front of neck feels harder as it contracts b) muscle at back of neck feels harder as it
contracts
8. yes or no; with a suitable explanation
Answers to Student Book questions 22+23
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by (large) impacts
using plaster of Paris and/or pins
there is a higher risk of infection
the density of bones decreases; and they become weaker
bones rub togethe
it mimics a ball and socket joint
more precise X-rays; improved surgery; increased knowledge of avoiding damage
scientists are learning more about all areas, including genetics