Project Management
C53PM
Session 3
Russell Taylor
Staff Work-base – 1st Floor
E-mail: rtayl@borderscollege.ac.uk
1
Session 3
• Chapter 3
– Project Quality Management
Business Department
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Assignment
7. Quality Management Plan
– This should include identification of quality standards,
provision of quality assurances and suggested
methods of control
•
1 page statement on the importance of quality
in the project and how it is to be maintained
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High visibility projects
Quality impact
• Impact on reputation
• Impact on business
• Protect client reputation
Business Department
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Project Quality – trade-off
•Scope
Cost
Including
Quality
Time
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Quality
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Quality
• “Totality of characteristics of a product or
service that bears on its ability to satisfy stated
or implied needs”
• Judging Quality
– Reliability - ability of a product or service to
maintain the standard of its performance for a
specified period of time and under stated conditions
– Grade - category or rank given to a entities having
the same functional use but different requirements
for quality
• Quality is consistent conformance to customer
expectations
– Cost & time are key
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Total Quality Approach
• More about process than product
• Quality of Processes must be addressed….
•All processes need to
work together
•All processes need to
be controlled for quality
• …..in order to deliver
a quality end product
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Quality at all processes in the Projects lifecycle
Initiation &
Definition
•Develop Scope Statement
•Conduct feasibility study
•Generate Activities & Interdependencies
•Determine Responsibilities
•Define resources
•Develop Schedules & Budgets
•Identify Risks
Development
Planning
Execution &
Control
•Track & Manage Project
Closure
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•Perform Post-Project Review
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Quality in Project Deliverables
Initiation &
Definition
•Project Charter
Development
Planning
•Project Plan
Execution &
Control
•The Project
Closure
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•Project Documentation
10
Quality Management
• More process than product
– Include quality at all processes in the Project-life cycle
– Take on board lessons learned
– Seek continuous improvement in the processes
– And the deliverables
• Organisations contribution to quality
– Seek sources of bad & good quality
– Correct impaired processes and improve quality
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Quality Management complements Project
Management
•
Stakeholder satisfaction
–
•
Customer Satisfaction
–
•
Cost of avoiding mistakes
Managements Responsibility
–
•
Conformance to specifications
Prevention over inspection
–
•
Scoping – meeting need
Team responsibility, resource management
Implement Process with phases
–
–
Project – life cycle
Deming’s plan do check-cycle
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Deming’s plan-do-check-act cycle
Plan
Act
11. Take corrective actions for deviation
12. Standardise the process – make successful
solutions permanent
13. Reflect
1.
Select an opportunity for
improvement
2.
Identify customer requirements
3.
Define Problem
4.
Collect data
5.
Analyse for root causes
6.
Find solutions
7.
Prepare plan for implementation
Check
Do
9.
8.
Monitor results, evaluate against plan
Implement Solution
10. Determine reasons for deviation
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Performance
Continuous Improvement
Standardize and maintain
Improvement
“Continuous”
improvement
Time
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Costs of Quality
• Scrap and rework
– rescheduling, repairing, retesting
• Defective products in the hands of the customer
– recalls, warranty claims, law suits, lost business
• Detecting defects
– inspection, testing
• Preventing defects
– training, product/process redesign
• Management
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The Cost of Quality
• Total Cost of Quality
=
Failure costs + Appraisal costs + Prevention costs
• Prevention over inspection
– Cost of avoiding mistakes ‘v’ cost of correcting
them
• Minimised Total Cost of Quality
Prevention costs + Appraisal costs = Failure costs
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Project Quality Management Plan
Project Quality Management Plan
Quality
Planning
Business Department
Quality
Assurance
Quality
Control
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Quality Management

Quality Planning –


identifying which quality standards are relevant to the
project and determining how to satisfy them
Quality Assurance –


evaluating overall project performance on a regular
basis to provide confidence that the project will satisfy
the relevant quality standards.
Quality Control –

monitoring specific project results to determine if they
comply with relevant quality standards and identifying
ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance
Business Department
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Quality Planning
•
Identify the relevant quality standards
–
–
•
ISO 9000 series
–
–
–
•
Organisational Standards
Industry Standards
Guidelines for quality covering the manufacturing and
presale inspection of products and services
Specify what is required, but not how to do it
Certification is administered by a third party, and
must be renewed every three years
Determine how they are satisfied
–
Processes & deliverables
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Quality Planning
•
Quality Policy
– State overall intentions and direction (what not
how)
– Documents project objectives
– Documents project deliverables & deadlines
– Operational Definitions (Terms, quality
measurements)
– Provide specific quality guidelines for key
quality issues
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Quality Assurance
•
•
•
•
•
Planned activities & processes which provide
confidence/assurance in an attempt to achieve
quality
–
–
Project team
QA Department
–
–
Benchmarking
Cause & effect diagram
–
Independent evaluation
–
Taking actions for effectiveness & efficiency
Continuous evaluation of the project
Administrative processes & procedures
Quality Audits
Quality Improvement
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Quality Control
•
•
•
•
•
Monitoring specific project results to determine
compliance with quality standards
Eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance
Technical aspect of quality management
Continuous Improvement
Quality control systems
–
–
–
–
–
Select what to check and control
When should the checks take place
How is quality measured
Set standards for decision making and corrective
action
Compare results to quality standards
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Statistical Process Control (SPC)
Some measure of
operation’s performance
• Check the product or service during its creation
• Use of Control charts
Time
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Statistical Process Control (SPC)
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Statistical Quality Control
IDENTIFICATION
Tally
sheet
Process
flow chart
Cause &
effect
analysis
ANALYSIS
Histograms
Scatter
Diagrams
Run Chart
Pareto
chart
Control Chart
Overlap
Analysis
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Tally Sheets
Supplier
Defect
A
B
C
Total
Incorrect Invoice
IIII
I
II
7
Incorrect Inventory
IIII
II
I
8
Damaged Material
III
III
6
Incorrect Test Doc
I
III
II
6
13
6
8
27
Total
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Scatter Diagrams
Shows strong correlation:
x and y are related
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Shows no correlation:
x and y are unrelated
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Quality Philosophies
• TQM
– If production does it right the first time and
produces products and services that are defect-free,
waste is eliminated and costs are reduced.
– Managing people and processes to ensure customer
satisfaction (internal & external) at every stage.
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Take a break
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