Properties of Matter:
Mixtures and
Solutions
1. MATTER is
anything that takes up
space (or has volume)
and has mass.
•Mass is the amount of
MATTER in an object. It
can only be changed when
you ADD OR TAKE
AWAY matter, not when
the object is MOVED from
place to place.
•We measure
mass in
KILOGRAMS
(kg) and
GRAMS (g).
•Matter is made
up of particles
TOO SMALL to
be seen
(ATOMS).
2. Matter comes from
the Latin word mater
which means
MOTHER. So,
matter is the mother
of all things.
3. Property- an object’s
characteristics or
TRAITS. It is
something that can be
OBSERVED about an
object.
•Matter can have
PHYSICAL or
chemical properties.
• Physical properties are those
what DO NOT change the
nature of the matter. For
example, describing
something’s color, ODOR,
texture, TASTE, sound,
magnetism, SOLUBILITY,
float/sink.
• Chemical changes are
those where the nature of
the matter actually
CHANGES, and a NEW
substance with new
properties is created. For
example, RUST.
4. Matter can
be classified in
different ways.
•By its state.
•Whether it is
a substance or
a MIXTURE.
•The three
states of
matter are:
Solids
Liquids
Definite shape
Gases
No definite
shape- takes
the shape of
the container
it’s in
Definite volume Definite volume
No definite
shape or
volume- they
take the shape
and volume of
the container
Particles are
tightly packed
together and
only vibrate
Particles are
the most
spread apart
Particles are
close, but less
tightly packed
together (they
flow)
Solids
Liquids
Particles stay in Particles can
the same place slide past one
another and
change places
Gases
Particles move
past each other
very easily
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
5. How to find
the volume for:
•Solids- L* W*H
(for rectangular
items) or water
displacement (for
irregular items)
H
L
W
•Liquids- pour
liquid in a
graduated
CYLINDER or
syringe
•Gases- in a
graduated
SYRINGE:
6. A substance is
a kind of matter
that is made up of
only ONE KIND of
matter. (ex: elements
and compounds)
7. Mixtures are made up of 2
OR MORE different substances
that DON’T change their
identities when mixed. The
different substances remain the
SAME even when close
together.
•Each substance
keeps its OWN
IDENTITY and can
be easily separated
by PHYSICAL
means.
•Examples of physical
means includes
EVAPORATION,
filtration, SIFTING,
magnetic attraction,
floatation, and
chromatography.
•Examples of
mixtures include
BIRDSEED,
SALAD, TRAIL
MIX.
8. Evaporation: used to
separate a SOLID that
was dissolved in a
LIQUID. The liquid is
heated until it turns into
a gas, leaving the
SOLID behind.
•If you drop Kool Aid on the
kitchen floor and don’t wipe
it up, what happens? The
water eventually
disappears, but the sticky
Kool Aid mixture remains
on the floor.
9. Filtration- used to separate
SOLID particles from a
LIQUID by pouring the mixture
through a FILTER PAPER in
a funnel. The filter TRAPS
the solid particles and lets the
water pass through.
Examples:
COFFEE FILTERS,
strainers/colanders
in your kitchen
10. Sifting: used to separate
SMALLER solid particles from
LARGER solid particles. The
mixture is put into a container with
various sized SCREENS, is shaken,
and then the smaller particles go
through the screen and leave the
larger particles in the container.
11. Magnetic attraction:
used to separate
MAGNETIC material
from a mixture of other
substances.
Did you know that a “cow
magnet” is given to a cow to
swallow? It stays in the cow’s
first stomach to keep magnetic
material like wire and other
hurtful materials from going into
the rest of its digestive system!
What are Cow Magnets?
Cow magnets are popular with dairy farmers and veterinarians to help
prevent Hardware Disease in cattle. While grazing, cows eat everything
from grass and dirt to nails, staples and bits of bailing wire (referred to as
tramp iron). Tramp iron tends to lodge in the honeycombed walls of the
reticulum, threatening the surrounding vital organs and causing irritation
and inflammation, known as Hardware Disease. The cow loses her
appetite and decreases milk output (dairy cows), or her ability to gain
weight (feeder stock). Cow magnets help prevent this disease by
attracting stray metal from the folds and crevices of the rumen and
reticulum. One magnet works for the life of the cow!
12. Floatation: used to
separate solids, which
FLOAT, from remaining
liquids in a mixture. When
the liquid is stirred, the
solids can be SKIMMED off
the surface.
13. Chromatography: used
to separate and analyze
SOLUTES in a solution. A
small amount of
SOLUTION is placed on a
piece of filter paper, which
is then placed in a solvent
(usually WATER).
•The solutes that
dissolve EASILY will
travel UP the filter paper.
Those that do not
dissolve easily will not
travel very far.
•With this method,
chemicals in INKS
AND DYES can be
separated and
analyzed.
14. There are
several types
of mixtures:
•Solid-solid:
SALAD
TRAIL MIX
•Solid-liquid:
salt water,
sugar water,
KOOL AID,
cereal and milk
•liquid-liquid:
milk and syrup,
oil and water,
water & FOOD
COLORING
•Gas-liquid:
SODA
15. Under certain conditions,
substances can
CHEMICALLY combine
when mixed, and then the
NEW substance formed can’t
be easily SEPARATED into
its original parts.
•For safety reasons,
NEVER combine
cleaning materials. A
new substance can be
formed which can be
harmful to BREATHE
and to touch.
16. A solution is a
SPECIAL KIND of
mixture in which the
particles are evenly
spread out. They
BLEND together.
•The particles are so small that
they can’t be SEEN.
•Solutions can be separated, but
not as EASILY as most mixtures.
•Can be made with SOLIDS,
LIQUIDS, and GASES.
17. Solutions
have two (2)
main parts:
(A) SOLVENT- the material in
the GREATEST amount . It is
what something gets dissolved
IN and is usually a LIQUID.
The universal (or MOST
COMMON) solvent is water or
H2O.
(B) Solute- the material in
the SMALLER amount .
It is what GETS dissolved
in the solvent and is
usually a SOLID (but can
be a liquid or a gas).
SOLVENT
Water
SOLUTE
Lemon juice (or
powder if it’s
kool aid)
18. Examples of solutions
include KOOL AID, TEA,
broth, coffee, WINDOW
CLEANER, bleach,
vinegar.
19. All solutions are
MIXTURES, but not all
mixtures are SOLUTIONS.
Think about it this way: all
beagles are dogs, but not all
dogs are beagles. A beagle is
one type of dog, just like a
solution is one type of mixture.
LOTTSA DOGS
20. Liquid solutions
are usually
TRANSPARENT or
clear. However, they
can be colored or
colorless.
21. Solubility: the
ability to be
DISSOLVED.
Some substances
are easier to dissolve
than others.
22. Factors that may
affect the rate or
speed the solute
dissolves:
•Particle size or surface area:
SMALLER size will usually
dissolve FASTER. Think about
this: would a sugar cube or a
sugar packet of loose sugar
dissolve easier in water? The
packet because the pieces are
smaller than the compacted cube.
We can CRUSH a substance to
make it smaller.
?
•Stirring or SHAKING the
solute in the solvent.
•Temperature changes: when
HEAT is increased, more
solute will dissolve faster.
23. Concentrated or
concentration: when the solute
is GREATER than the solvent,
it can’t completely dissolve. The
solute that does not dissolve will
be LEFT AT THE BOTTOM.
24. Dilute or dilution: to LESSEN
the strength of a solution by
MIXING it with more liquid or more
SOLVENT. Some cleaning
supplies can be DILUTED with
water to weaken their strength. If
your tea or lemonade is too sweet,
you can dilute it with water.
25. POLLUTION or harmful
substances in our environment
result from the MIXING OR
DISSOLVING of foreign
substances in water, air, and soil.
They are often created as a result
of industry, agriculture, burning
FOSSIL FUELS, and other
human activities.