Pure Substances and Mixtures
(pg 18-21)
The Particle Theory
1. Matter is made up of tiny particles with space
between them.
2. They are always moving.
3. The more energy they have, the faster they move.
4. The tiny particles are attracted to each other.
There are 3 types of matter:
1. Solid
the particles are close
together (strong force)
2. Liquid
the particles are slightly
apart (force weaker)
3. Gas
the particles are far
apart (force weakest)
Pure substance contains only 1 kind of particle through
out. Example: diamond
Raw Material unprocessed material of any kind.
Mixtures contain 2 or more pure substances. They can
be combinations of solids, liquids or gases.
Example: Pop
water-- liquid
Sugar--solid
Carbon dioxide—gas
Bread --- yeast, flour, sugar, water, air and other
chemicals.
Heterogeneous Mixtures—are uneven mixtures that
contain 2 or more substances that can be seen or felt.
Also known as a mechanical mixture.
Example: concrete or granola.
Homogeneous Mixtures—particles of pure substances
mixed together so completely that the mixture looks and
feel as though it is made of only one substance.
Also known as a solution.
Example: Steel—made from iron, oxygen and carbon.
In a solution (sugar and water), one substance has to
be mixed or dissolved into another. The substance that
dissolves (sugar) is called the solute. The substance into
which they are dissolved (water) is called the solvent.
Questions: (pg 18-21)
1. Is our drinking water pure? Explain.
2. Describe the particles in a solid, liquid and gas.
3. Where does aluminum come from?
4. What is the difference between a homogeneous
mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?
5. What is another name for a heterogeneous mixtures
and a homogeneous mixture?
6. Solutions can be solids, liquids and gases. Give an
example of each.
7. How is brass made and why is zinc added? Which
one is the solute and solvent?