H A & P Mid-Term / January 2011
Name: ____________________________________________________
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Date: _____________________
Human Anatomy and Physiology Mid-Term Exam Study Guide
General A&P Structures / Terms / Systems Know the following:
1. The Definitions of the following terms: histology, cytology, pathology, physiology, anatomy, homeostasis,
2. The correct order of organization for structures in the human body.
3. The functions of all eleven human organ systems:
4. The characteristics, and general structure homeostatic control mechanisms.
5. The general differences between (and examples of) hormonal and neural homeostatic control mechanisms
6. What the following anatomical terms mean: caudal, deep, prone, superficial, medial
7. Know the “naked anatomy-man” diagram, (anterior (front) view)
Histology Know the following:
1. What osseous tissue is.
2. The function of antiangiogenesis factor.
3. The four primary tissue types and the general structure of each.
4. The definition of the term tissue.
5. The name, general characteristics and general location of each of the three cellular interconnection types.
6. The basic shapes of epithelial cells.
7. The structure, function, and general location you might expect to find each of the epithelial tissue types.
8. The Glands which secrete hormones into the blood or tissue fluids.
9. The general mechanisms of production for each of the following secretions: holocrine, merocrine, apocrine
10. The functions of connective tissues.
11. The functions of these cell types: fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, melanocytes
12. The functions of loose connective tissues.
13. The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue.
Integumentary System Know the following:
1. The two major components of the integumentary system.
2. The correct order of the strata in the epidermis.
3. The fiberous protein that forms the basic structural component of hair and nails.
4. The primary pigments contained in the epidermis.
5. The two major components of the dermis.
6. The accessory structures of the integument.
7. The types of exocrine glands in the skin.
8. The two major types of hair.
9. The functions of sensible perspiration.
10. The characteristics of ceruminous and mammary glands.
11. The type of secretion generally produced by sebaceous glands.
12. The function of the arrector pili muscles.
13. The definition of the term club hair.
14. The types of dermatitis we discussed?
15. The most abundant cells in the epidermis.
16. The basic characteristics of the 5 strata of the epidermis of the skin.
17. Why sweat tastes salty.
18. The reason albino individuals look the way they do
Mr. Shevalier
H A & P Mid-Term / January 2011
Skeletal System Know the following:
1. Where the body stores lipids in the skeleton.
2. The two types of osseous tissue.
3. The name and general structure of the basic functional units of mature compact bone.
4. The definition of the terms: trabeculae, osteopena, osteolysis, osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
5. The primary reason that osteoporosis accelerates in women, after menopause.
6. The basic symptoms of the disease called Rickets.
7. The basic functions of the skeletal system.
8. The different characteristics of compact and spongy bone.
9. The function of the medullary cavity of the bones.
10. The definition of the following terms: epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphyseal plate, metaphysis
11. The name for the outer covering of the bone.
12. The general definition for endochondral ossification.
13. The name for the lining of the medullary cavity.
14. The longest and heaviest bone in the body.
15. How a lack of exercise would effect bone modeling.
16. How bone changes can take place when they are being stressed.
17. The most abundant mineral in the body.
18. The role of fontanels
19. The number of vertebrae each of the 4 sections contains.
20. The major bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons.
21. What characteristics adapt the pectoral girdle to a wide range of movements.
22. The bones of the pectoral girdle
23. The names for the various parts of the clavicle
24. The bones of the forearm.
25. The location of the olecranon process.
Muscular System Know the following:
1. The names of the various parts of a muscle and how they are constructed.
2. The GENERAL NAME for the type of muscles that act as valves (open and close openings).
3. The name for skeletal muscles whose fibers form a common angle with the tendon.
4. The name for the end of the muscle that moves.
5. The location and function of the mandible.
6. How the contraction of a muscle exerts a pull on the bone.
7. The difference between a twitch, incomplete tetanus, complete tetanus, and treppe.
8. The definition of wave summation and recruitment (with reference to muscles).
9. What muscles are in the hamstring group.
10. The primary muscle used for doing sit-ups.
11. The official name of the “kissing” muscle.
12. The response of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to an incoming action potential.
13. The meaning of the term “the all or none principle”.
Mr. Shevalier
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