Human Body Systems – Supplementary Information and Fun Facts
Integrated Science 2
Name:
Pd.
Using pages 915 – 1048, answer the following questions. They have been broken up by system to help you organize your
thoughts. Remember, this work is “fair use” on the final exam.
The Skeletal System
1. There are _____________ bones in the adult human skeleton
2. Draw a cross-section of a human bone, including only Spongy Bone, Compact Bone, Periosteum, and Bone Marrow.
3. There are three overall categories of joints. List them and give one example of each.
The Muscular System
4. Each muscle contains hundreds of ______________. When you lift something light, your brain stimulates
_________________________________ cells in your arm muscles to contract. As you exert maximum effort, almost all the muscle
cells in your arm are stimulated to __________________________.
5. How do tendons work?
The Integumentary System
6. The outside of the epidermis is made up of ______________ cells. The inner layer of the epidermis is made up of
_____________________ cells. Cells in the inner layer of the epidermis undergo rapid cell __________________________, producing
new cells that push older cells to the ____________________ of the skin. As they move upward, the older cells become
_______________________ and their organelles __________________________. They also begin making ________________________, a tough,
fibrous protein. Eventually, the keratin-producing cells die and form a tough, flexible, _________________________ covering on
the surface of the skin.
The Circulatory System
7. Why don’t organisms made of only a few cells need a circulatory system?
8. The heart muscle contracts on average __________ times a minute.
9. The tool used to measure blood pressure is called a _____________________________________________.
Blood and the Lymphatic System
10. The human body contains _______________ liters of blood. ____________ percent consists of cells and ______________ percent
is a fluid called plasma. Plasma is _____________ water and ___________ dissolved gases, salts, waste products, and other
things.
11. What are the three types of blood cells and what does each do?
12. What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?
The Respiratory System
13. How does the diaphragm contribute to breathing?
14. Read the section “how breathing is controlled”, just because it’s super cool! Can humans hold their breath until they
die? Why not?
The Digestive System
15. Why do we need water? (this is in the “food and nutrition” section)
The Excretory System
16. What do the kidneys do?
17. The kidneys filter all the blood in the body approximately every ________________ minutes.
18. Look at the section titled “Urine testing”. Why is a “pee test” done to check for drug use?
19. Look at the section titled “control of kidney function”. Why do we swell when we eat salt?
The Reproductive System
20. What is the purpose of the placenta? Check out the umbilical cord, too. What’s inside it?
21. What causes fraternal twins? Identical twins?
The Immune System
22. What is the function of the immune system?
23. Why does infected tissue become swollen and painful? What is happening?
24. What is the relationship between antigens and antibodies?