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Before Reading
1. Listening Comprehension
Thinking Before Listening
Thinking While Listening
Listening and Speaking
2. Warm-up Questions
3. Background Information
Automobile Industry
Global Positioning System
Intelligent Transportation System
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Thinking Before Listening
The title of the passage you are going to listen to is
“Cars of the Future”. Write down three questions about
cars of the future.
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Thinking While Listening
Listen to the passage and find out if it answers the
questions you asked in Exercise 1.
II
■
Before Reading
from a power source built into the
road, or store it in small quantities for
traveling in the city.
Instead of today's seating
arrangements -- two in front, two or
three behind, all facing forward -- the
2010 car will have a versatile interior
with adults and children in a family
circle.
This view of the future car is based
on a much more sophisticated road
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Listening and Speaking
Listen to the passage again and say what changes will make
driving:
-- cleaner?
-- safer?
-- more comfortable?
Tips: clean driving: electrically powered, environmentally
clean
safe driving: controlled by computer
more comfortable: a versatile interior with the adults
and children in a family circle
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Warm-up Questions
1. What do you think is the most profitable and powerful
industry of the 20th century, computer, automobile,
petroleum or airplane?
2. What do you think will be the most profitable and powerful
industry in the 21st century, communication, astronautics,
biology or construction?
3. What is the greatest invention in the world so far?
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Warm-up Questions
4. If you could afford a car, would you buy one? Which brand
would you like to have?
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Automobile Industry
The automobile industry is one of the most important
industries in the world, affecting not only economies but also
cultures. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates
billions of dollars in worldwide revenues, and provides the
basis for a multitude of related service and support industries.
Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century,
changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business.
Between 1886 and 1898, about 300 automobiles were built,
but there was no real established industry. A century later,
with automakers and auto buyers expanding globally,
automaking became the world's largest manufacturing
activity, with more than 53 million new vehicles built each year
II
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■
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Global Positioning System
Global Positioning System is a spacebased radio-navigation system, consisting of
24 satellites and ground support. GPS
provides users with accurate information
about their position and velocity, as well as
the time, anywhere in the world and in all
weather conditions.
GPS determines location by computing
the difference between the time that a signal
is sent and the time it is received. GPS
satellites carry atomic clocks that provide
extremely accurate time.
II
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Intelligent Transportation System
Intelligent Transportation Systems
(ITS) refers to transportation systems
which apply emerging hard and soft
information systems technologies to
address and alleviate (缓解)
transportation congestion problems.
For example, using advanced
surveillance (监视) systems, the early
stages of a traffic bottleneck situation can
be detected, and traffic can then be
directed to other routes to mitigate (减轻)
the congestion and to provide faster and
II
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Global Reading
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Global Reading
1. True or False
2. Part Division of the Text
3. Further Understanding
For Part 1
Questions and Answers
For Parts 2 & 3
Text Analysis
Language Focus
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True or False
Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements
are true or false.
1. There are so many people killed in the car accidents that
car accidents reports can be found in newspaper nearly
everyday. ( F )
2. A smart car can alert the driver if he becomes drowsy. ( T )
3. The computer in the car will totally eliminate the cases of
getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. ( F )
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True or False
Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements
are true or false.
1. There are so many people killed in the car accidents that
car accidents reports can be found in newspaper nearly
everyday. ( F )
number
of driver
peopleif he
thatbecomes
are killed
or badly
car can
alert the
drowsy.
2. A smart The
(T )
injured in car accidents is so vast that we don’t
( F ) them in the newspaper
even bother
to will
mention
in the car
totally eliminate the cases of
3. The computer
anymore.
getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. ( F )
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True or False
Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements
are true or false.
1. There are so many people killed in the car accidents that
car accidents reports can be found in newspaper nearly
everyday.
( F ) can have a positive impact on
The computer
these problems, but it is unlikely to cure them.
2. A smart car can alert the driver if he becomes drowsy. ( T )
3. The computer in the car will totally eliminate the cases of
getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. ( F )
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True or False
Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements
are true or false.
4. The computer in the car sends out a radio signal that can
be detected by a satellite. ( F )
5. By establishing the relation between the rotations in the
steering wheel and the car’s position on a map, the
computer can tell us where the car is. ( T )
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True or False
Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements
are true or false.
4. The computer in the car sends out a radio signal that can
be detected by a satellite. ( F )
5. ByThe
establishing
the relation
between
thethat
rotations
satellite sends
out a radio
signal
can bein the
( T ) on a map, the
steering
and thein car’s
detectedwheel
by a receiver
a car’spoison
computer.
computer can tell us where the car is. ( T )
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Part Division of the Text
Part
1
2
3
Lines
Main Ideas
New technology will have a dramatic
1~14
impact on cars and highways in the 21st
century.
With the aid of advanced technology,
smart cars will be so designed that they
15~55 can help eliminate traffic accidents,
determine their own precise locations
and warn of traffic jams.
GPS and “telematics” will make it
56~80 possible to build smart highways, which
will benefit us in more than one way.
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Questions and Answers
1. How important was the automobile industry in the 20th
century?
2. Did the automobile industry change a lot in the last seventy
years?
3. What will happen to cars and roads in the 21st century?
4. Why does the author say the key to tomorrow’s “smart cars”
will be sensors?
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Text Analysis
In this part, the author lists the features of smart cars. Can
you summarize these features?
Tips:
1. Smart cars can eliminate most car
accidents.
2. Smart cars can alert the police and provide
precise location if stolen.
3. Smart cars can monitor one’s driving and
the driving conditions nearby.
4. Smart cars can alert the sleepy driver.
5. Smart cars can locate your car precisely
and warn of traffic jams.
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Language Focus
We may encounter some difficult words or phrases in
reading. Shall we consult the dictionary immediately? An
efficient reader will make a guess based on knowledge of
word-formation or knowledge of the word in the context.
For example, can you guess the meaning of "blind spot" in
the following sentence?
Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change
lanes when there is a car in your "blind spot"), the computer
would sound an immediate warning.
There might be an accident if you change lanes when there
is a car in your "blind spot". How could it happen? How come
you don't know the existence of the car? It must be that you
cannot observe the car from the rear-view mirror. Here comes
Before Reading
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Smart Cars
Even the automobile industry, which has remained
largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel
the effects of the computer revolution.
The automobile industry ranks as
among the most lucrative and powerful
industries of the twentieth century.
There are presently 500 million cars on
earth, or one car for every ten people.
Sales of the automobile industry stand
at about a trillion dollars, making it the
world’s biggest manufacturing industry.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
The car, and the roads it travels on, will be
revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to
tomorrow’s “smart cars” will be sensors. “We’ll see vehicles
and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk
and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of
General Motors Corporation’s ITS program, which is
designing the smart car and road of the future.
Approximately 40,000 people are
killed each year in the United States
in traffic accidents. The number of
people that are killed or badly
injured in car accidents is so vast
that we don’t even bother to mention
them in the newspapers anymore.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and
many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate
most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk
via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air,
and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the
police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.
Smart cars have already been built which can monitor
one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars
hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you
make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when
there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound
an immediate warning.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built
which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which
is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The
monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center
divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, lifethreatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in
the dashboard can be trained on a
driver’s face and eyes. If the
driver’s eyelids close for a certain
length of time and his or her driving
becomes erratic, a computer in the
dashboard could alert the driver.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are
getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer
revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a
positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals
from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any
moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four
Navstar satellites orbiting the earth,
making up what is called the Global
Positioning System. They make it
possible to determine your location
on the earth to within about a
hundred feet.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting
overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite
contains four “atomic clocks,” which vibrate at a precise
frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.
As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal
that can be detected by a receiver in a car’s computer. The
car’s computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by
measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the
speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the
satellite’s signal can be converted into a distance.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
In Japan there are already over a million cars with some
type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car’s
position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to
its position on a map.)
With the price of microchips dropping so drastically,
future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. “The
commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy
Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp.,
which manufactures navigational
systems. Blind individuals could use
GPS sensors in walking sticks,
airplanes could land by remote
control, hikers will be able to locate
their position in the woods—the list
of potential uses is endless.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called
“telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on
smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in
Europe, and experiments are being made in California to
mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on
highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.
On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of
San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed
system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan
calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch
magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete
control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars
will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six
feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Promoters of this computerized highway have great
hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be
incorporated into one of the major highways in the United
States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips
drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be
adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United
States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as
well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air
pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway
expansion.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Smart Cars
Even the automobile industry, which has remained
largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel
1. How do you understand the word “stand”?
the effects of the computer revolution.
“Stand” is used to show a particular level or amount.
The automobile industry ranks as
For example:
Inflation currently stands at nine per cent.
among the most lucrative and powerful
Your bank balance stands at $460.
industries
of the twentieth century.
2. Translate the sentence
into Chinese.
汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大
There are presently 500 million cars on
的制造业。
earth, or one car for every
ten people.
Close
Sales of the automobile industry stand
at about a trillion dollars, making it the
world’s biggest manufacturing industry.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
The car, and the roads it travels on, will be
revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to
tomorrow’s “smart cars” will be sensors. “We’ll see vehicles
and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk
andandact,”
predicts
Spreitzer, technical director of
Paraphrase the sentence
pay attention
to the Bill
structure
“the key to sth.”
General Motors Corporation’s ITS program, which is
The crucial elementdesigning
of the future the
smartsmart
cars will
be and
sensors.
car
road of the future.
Approximately 40,000 Close
people are
killed each year in the United States
in traffic accidents. The number of
people that are killed or badly
injured in car accidents is so vast
that we don’t even bother to mention
them in the newspapers anymore.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and
many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate
most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk
Analyze the structurevia
of this
sentence. sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air,
electronic
refuse toclauses
start up
The car could also alert the
“Should” is often usedand
in subordinate
afterthe
“if” --engine.
it
makes an event sound
less probable.
police
and provide its precise location if it is stolen.
For example: If you should see Harry, give him my
Smart cars have already been built which can monitor
regards. (You might see him.)
In British English, the structure “if + subject + should +
one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars
verb” is often replaced by “Should + subject + verb”.
in thegive
bumpers
can scan for nearby cars. Should you
For example: Shouldhidden
you see Harry,
him my regards.
make a serious drivingClose
mistake (e.g., change lanes when
there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound
an immediate warning.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built
which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which
is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The
You must be familiar with the word “train”, but how do you
understand the word inmonotonous,
this sentence? almost hypnotic process of staring at the center
divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, lifeHere “train” means to focus on or aim at.
threatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in
the dashboard can be trained
Close on a
driver’s face and eyes. If the
driver’s eyelids close for a certain
length of time and his or her driving
becomes erratic, a computer in the
dashboard could alert the driver.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are
getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer
revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a
Paraphrase this sentence.
positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals
There are sensors in the car and they are tuned to radio
from
satellites
locate your car precisely at any
signals which come
fromorbiting
orbiting satellites.
The can
sensors
can locate the carmoment
and warn and
of traffic
jams.
warn
of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four
Navstar
satellites orbiting the earth,
Close
making up what is called the Global
Positioning System. They make it
possible to determine your location
on the earth to within about a
hundred feet.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are
getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer
revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a
Translate the sentence
into Chinese.
positive
impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals
通过这些卫星我们有可能以小于100英尺的误差确定你在地球上的
from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any
方位。
moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four
Navstar
satellites orbiting the earth,
Close
making up what is called the Global
Positioning System. They make it
possible to determine your location
on the earth to within about a
hundred feet.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
In Japan there are already over a million cars with some
type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car’s
position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to
its position on a map.)
Explain how the navigational facilities help locate the car’s
With the price of microchips dropping so drastically,
position.
future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. “The
They locate the car’s position by establishing the
commercial
relation between the
rotations in theindustry
wheel andis
thepoised to explode,” says Randy
Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp.,
car’s position on a map.
which manufactures Close
navigational
systems. Blind individuals could use
GPS sensors in walking sticks,
airplanes could land by remote
control, hikers will be able to locate
their position in the woods—the list
of potential uses is endless.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
In Japan there are already over a million cars with some
type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car’s
position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to
its position on a map.)
1. What does “the commercial industry” refer to?
With the price of microchips dropping so drastically,
It refers to the industry
to which
GPS is appliedof GPS are virtually limitless. “The
future
applications
commercially.
commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy
2. Paraphrase the sentence.
Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp.,
The commercial industry
is bound
to develop rapidly navigational
and
which
manufactures
be prosperous.
systems. Blind individuals could use
GPS sensors in walking
sticks,
Close
airplanes could land by remote
control, hikers will be able to locate
their position in the woods—the list
of potential uses is endless.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called
“telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on
smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in
1. How much do you know
about the
Interstate
in the U.S.?are being made in California to
Europe,
and
experiments
chips, sensors,
and radio transmitters on
Interstate is one of mount
a system computer
of highways extending
between
and connecting thehighways
major cities of
United
States.
tothe
alert
cars
to traffic jams and obstructions.
2. What does “stretch” mean?
On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of
It means a continuous or unbroken length.
San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed
3.Translate this part intosystem
Chinese.which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan
在圣迭戈以北10英里的15号州际公路一段8英里长的路面上……
calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch
magnetic spikes buried Close
in the highway, to take complete
control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars
will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six
feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Promoters of this computerized highway have great
hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be
incorporated
into one of the major highways in the United
1.Paraphrase the structure
“may well be …”
is very likely that …States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips
drops
to below a penny a piece, telematics could be
2.Translate this sentence
into Chinese.
adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United
到2010年，远程信息技术很可能应用于美国的一条主要公路。
States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as
Close
well, saving fuel, reducing
traffic jams, decreasing air
pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway
expansion.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Smart Cars
Even the automobile industry, which has remained
largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel
the effects of the computer revolution.
The automobile industry ranks as
among the most lucrative and powerful
industries of the twentieth century.
There are presently 500 million cars on
earth, or one car for every ten people.
Sales of the automobile industry stand
at about a trillion dollars, making it the
world’s biggest manufacturing industry.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
The car, and the roads it travels on, will be
revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to
tomorrow’s “smart cars” will be sensors. “We’ll see vehicles
and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk
and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of
General Motors Corporation’s ITS program, which is
designing the smart car and road of the future.
Approximately 40,000 people are
killed each year in the United States
in traffic accidents. The number of
people that are killed or badly
injured in car accidents is so vast
that we don’t even bother to mention
them in the newspapers anymore.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and
many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate
most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk
via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air,
and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the
police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.
Smart cars have already been built which can monitor
one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars
hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you
make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when
there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound
an immediate warning.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built
which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which
is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The
monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center
divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, lifethreatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in
the dashboard can be trained on a
driver’s face and eyes. If the
driver’s eyelids close for a certain
length of time and his or her driving
becomes erratic, a computer in the
dashboard could alert the driver.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting
overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite
contains four “atomic clocks,” which vibrate at a precise
frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.
As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal
that can be detected by a receiver in a car’s computer. The
car’s computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by
measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the
speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the
satellite’s signal can be converted into a distance.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
In Japan there are already over a million cars with some
type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car’s
position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to
its position on a map.)
With the price of microchips dropping so drastically,
future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. “The
commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy
Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp.,
which manufactures navigational
systems. Blind individuals could use
GPS sensors in walking sticks,
airplanes could land by remote
control, hikers will be able to locate
their position in the woods—the list
of potential uses is endless.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called
“telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on
smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in
Europe, and experiments are being made in California to
mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on
highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.
On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of
San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed
system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan
calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch
magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete
control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars
will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six
feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Promoters of this computerized highway have great
hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be
incorporated into one of the major highways in the United
States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips
drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be
adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United
States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as
well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air
pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway
expansion.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
Smart Cars
Even the automobile industry, which has remained
largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel
lucrative: adj. producing
much
money;
the
effects
ofprofitable
the computer revolution.
This is a lucrative business.
The automobile industry ranks as
S
我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意，赚了些钱。
among the most lucrative and powerful
T
We made a lucrativeindustries
business withof
the American
the twentieth century.
company on rice imports.
There are presently 500 million cars on
Close
earth, or one car for every ten people.
Sales of the automobile industry stand
at about a trillion dollars, making it the
world’s biggest manufacturing industry.
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Smart Cars
Even the automobile industry, which has remained
largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel
manufacture: vt.
the
effects
the computer revolution.
1) make goods on a large
scale
using of
machinery
The automobile industry ranks as
S This firm manufactures cars.
among the most lucrative and powerful
S 在工厂制造产品
T to manufacture goods in a factory
industries of the twentieth century.
2) invent; make up
There are presently 500 million cars on
S You’ll have to manufacture some kind of excuse.
earth, or one car for every ten people.
S 她编了一段谎话来掩盖事实。
of to
the
automobile
industry stand
T She manufactured aSales
false story
hide
the facts.
at about a trillion dollars, making it the
Close
Next
world’s biggest manufacturing industry.
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Smart Cars
Even the automobile industry, which has remained
largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel
CF: manufacture & make
这两个词都是动词，都有制造之意。
the effects of the computer revolution.
manufacture 使用范围较窄，既可指通过使用工业机械，亦指粗制
The automobile industry ranks as
滥造以一种机械的方式创作、制作或完成。例如：
among the most lucrative and powerful
S His books seem to have been manufactured rather than
industries of the twentieth century.
composed.
T 他的作品像是被机器加工出的，而不是创作的。
There are presently 500 million cars on
make 通用且非正式，可用于所有的制造过程。例如：
earth, or one car for every ten people.
S He made a model plane out of wood.
Sales of the automobile industry stand
T 他用木头做了一架模型飞机。
at about a trillion dollars,Close
making it the
world’s biggest manufacturing industry.
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The car, and the roads it travels on, will be
approximately: adv. more
or less exactly in the twenty-first century. The key to
revolutionized
tomorrow’s
cars”7:45
willa.m.
be sensors. “We’ll see vehicles
The car accident
happened at“smart
approximately
and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk
approximate: adj. fairly correct or accurate but not completely so
and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of
S
The approximate number
of demonstrators
in front of the
General
Motors Corporation’s
ITS program, which is
municipal office building was 900.
Approximately
40,000
people
designing
the smart
car and
road are
of the future.
S
大概的时间是三点钟。
killed each year in the United States
in traffic
accidents. The number of
T
The approximate time
is three o'clock.
people that are killed or badly
injured in car accidents is so vast
that we don’t even bother to
mention
Close
them in the newspapers anymore.
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Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and
many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate
most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk
start up: begin or begin working, running, happening, etc.
via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air,
S
Put the key in the ignition
turn itto
to start
start the
up.engine. The car could also alert the
and and
refuse
upcar
the
S
玛丽发动引擎，向她的家乡驶去。
police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.
T
Mary started up the engine
and drove
for have
her hometown.
Smart
cars
already been built which can monitor
one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars
Close
hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you
make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when
there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound
an immediate warning.
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Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and
many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate
most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk
in the air: in the earth’s atmosphere; uncertain, not yet decided
via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air,
S There is a strange smell in the air.
and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the
Hundreds of birds suddenly rose in the air.
police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.
Smart cars have already been built which can monitor
S 我们的计划尚未确定。
one’s
T Our plans are still in the
air. driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars
hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you
make a serious drivingClose
mistake (e.g., change lanes when
there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound
an immediate warning.
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Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and
many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate
most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk
eliminate: vt. remove, esp.
sb./sth.
that is not
wanted or
needed;
via
electronic
sensors
that
can pick up alcohol vapor in the air,
get rid of
and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the
S
The police have eliminated
the other
suspects.
policealland
provide
its precise location if it is stolen.
S
她已被取消了参加游泳比赛的资格。
Smart cars have already been built which can monitor
T
She has been eliminated
from
the swimming
race.driving conditions nearby. Small radars
one’s
driving
and the
hidden
Pattern: eliminate sth. from
sth. in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you
make
serious
driving
mistake (e.g., change lanes when
S
Can we ever eliminate
hungerafrom
the world
one day?
there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound
Close
an immediate warning.
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Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and
many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate
most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk
alert:
sensors
mayelectronic
be danger, trouble,
etc.that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air,
1. vt. warn sb. that therevia
and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the
Pattern: alert sb. to sth.
S The doctor alerted me
to the dangers
of smoking.
police
and provide
its precise location if it is stolen.
Smart cars have already been built which can monitor
S 警察警告我有危险。
T The policeman alerted me to the danger.
one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars
2. adj. attentive; watchful
hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you
Pattern: be alert to danger
make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when
S The squirrels are quite alert to dangers.
there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound
Close
Next
an immediate warning.
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Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and
many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate
most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk
CF: alert & attentive
via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air,
alert
指思维敏捷而高度集中，注意着可能发生的事件，尤其是危险
的、恐怖的事件，并迅速做出反应。例如：
and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the
S
A hunting-dog must be
alert. 猎犬必须很机警。
police
and provide its precise location if it is stolen.
S The guards were alert to any
danger.
哨兵警惕着一切危险的情况。
Smart
cars
have already been built which can monitor
one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars
attentive 强调能够把注意力集中于某事上而不分心、不走神。例如：
hidden
in the
bumpers
can scan for nearby cars. Should you
S
I wish you would be more
attentive
to what
your teacher
has told you. 希望你能多注意老师对你说的话。
make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when
S
He was absolutely attentive to research into the cause of
there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound
cancer. 他专心致志研究癌症的起因。
Close
Next
an immediate warning.
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Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and
many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate
most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk
viaofelectronic
sensors that
heightened watchfulness
or can pick up alcohol vapor in the air,
3. n. a condition or period
preparation for action
and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the
Pattern: on the alert
police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.
S The hunters are on the alert
for wolves.
Smart
cars have already been built which can monitor
one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars
hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you
make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when
there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound
an immediate warning. Close
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At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built
which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which
is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The
prototype: n. the first model
or design ofdens
sth. from
which
other
black-bear
for
Sports
almostuphypnotic
process of staring at the center
forms aremonotonous,
copied or developed
Illustrated,
hitched
dogsled
S prototype equipment
divider
for long
is a grossly underestimated, liferacing teams
for hours
Smithsonian
S prototype machine
magazine, hazard.
checkedTo out
the this, a tiny camera hidden in
threatening
eliminate
S prototype model
Lake
Champlain
“monster”
for on a
the
dashboard
can
be trained
例如： and canoed
NB: proto- 前缀，表示“最初的，原始的”，
Science face
Digest,
driver’s
and eyes. If the
protocluster 原星团
(cluster
丛)
through the Boundary Waters
protogalaxy 原星系
( galaxyeyelids
星系, 银河)close for a certain
driver’s
wilderness
of Minnesota
protovirus
原始病毒 (virus 病毒area
)
length
of time and his or her
Closedriving
for Destinations.
becomes erratic, a computer in the
dashboard could alert the driver.
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At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built
which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which
is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The
monotonous: adj. dull and never changing or varying; constant
monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center
and boring
The teacher’s
voice was
that is a grossly underestimated, lifedivider
forso monotonous
long hours
it sent me to sleep.
threatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in
S 我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。
the dashboard can be trained on a
T My job in the car factory is rather monotonous.
driver’s face and eyes. If the
driver’s eyelids close for a certain
Closedriving
length of time and his or her
becomes erratic, a computer in the
dashboard could alert the driver.
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At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built
which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which
is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The
hazard: n. a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage; a
monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center
danger or risk
divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, lifeS There are many serious hazards associated with smoking.
threatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in
S 穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。
the dashboard can be trained on a
T There are many hazards in a
journey across Africa.driver’s face and eyes. If the
Collocation:
driver’s eyelids close for a certain
不顾一切风险; 在任何情况下
at all hazards
length of time and his or her driving
in hazard
在危险中, 受到威胁
偶然, 碰运气
becomes erratic, a computer in the
by hazard
be on the hazard 在危险中
dashboard could alert theClose
driver.
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At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting
overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite
contains
four
“atomic
vibrate: v. (cause sth. to)
move rapidly
and
continuously
black-bear
dens
for clocks,”
Sports which vibrate at a precise
backwards and
forwards; shake
frequency,
according
the laws of the quantum theory.
Illustrated,
hitched uptodogsled
Tom’s heavy racing
footsteps
upstairs
made
the
for
Smithsonian
As ateams
satellite
passes
overhead, it sends out a radio signal
old house vibrate.
magazine,
that can be checked
detected out
by a the
receiver in a car’s computer. The
S
The hammers strike the
piano
strings and vibrate
them. for
Lake
Champlain
“monster”
car’s computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by
当司机发动了发动机时，公共汽车颤动着。
S
Science Digest, and canoed
measuring
how
it Waters
took for the signal to arrive. Since the
T
The bus vibrated when
the driverthe
started
uplong
the engine.
through
Boundary
speed of light
known, any delay in receiving the
wilderness
area isof well
Minnesota
for
Destinations.
satellite’s
signal can be converted into a distance.
Close
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At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting
overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite
frequency: n. the rate atcontains
which sth. happens
or is repeated,
usu. which vibrate at a precise
four “atomic
clocks,”
measured over a particular period of time
frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.
S Accidents are happening with increasing frequency.
As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal
S This radio signal has a frequency of 800,000 cycles per
second.
that can be detected by a receiver in a car’s computer. The
S 科学家正试图计算出这个地区地震发生的频率。
car’s computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by
T The scientists are trying to calculate the
measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the
frequency of earthquake in this district.
Close
speed of light is well known,
any delay in receiving the
satellite’s signal can be converted into a distance.
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At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting
overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite
convert: v. change fromcontains
one form or four
use to “atomic
another clocks,” which vibrate at a precise
Pattern: convert sth. to/into sth.
frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.
S I want to convert some Hong Kong
As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal
dollars into American dollars.
Coal can be converted
gas.be detected by a receiver in a car’s computer. The
that to
can
S 那座楼房改成学校了。
car’s computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by
T
That building has been converted into a school.
measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the
Close
speed of light is well known,
any delay in receiving the
satellite’s signal can be converted into a distance.
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In Japan there are already over a million cars with some
type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car’s
position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to
its position on a map.)
correlate: vt. have a mutual relationship or connection, in which
the on
price
of microchips dropping so drastically,
one thing affectsWith
or depends
another
future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. “The
S Research workers find it hard to correlate the two sets
commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy
of figures.
S Smoking and lung cancer
Hoffman
of correlated.
Magellan Systems Corp.,
are closely
manufactures navigational
Pattern: correlate sth. withwhich
sth.
systems. Blind individuals could use
S They are trying to find out if these behavior patterns
in walking sticks,
correlate with particularGPS
changessensors
in diet.
S 把理论与实践联系起来
airplanes could land by remote
T correlate the theory with
practice hikers will be able to locate
control,
their position in the woods—the list
Close
of potential uses is endless.
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S
S
T
In Japan there are already over a million cars with some
type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car’s
position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to
its position
on a map.)
drastically: adv. in a drastic
way
the
price of microchips dropping so drastically,
drastic: adj. having a strong With
or violent
effect
future toapplications
of GPS are virtually limitless. “The
Drastic measures are needed
improve the
performance of the company.
commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy
Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp.,
法国革命带来剧烈的社会变动。
which manufactures navigational
The French Revolution brought about drastic
systems. Blind individuals could use
social changes.
GPS sensors in walking sticks,
airplanes could land Close
by remote
control, hikers will be able to locate
their position in the woods—the list
of potential uses is endless.
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In Japan there are already over a million cars with some
type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car’s
position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to
its position on a map.)
application: n. the action or an instance of putting a theory,
the use
price of microchips dropping so drastically,
discovery, etc. With
to practical
of GPS are virtually limitless. “The
S The application of newfuture
scientific applications
discoveries to industrial
commercial
industry is poised to explode,” says Randy
production methods usually
increases efficiency.
Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp.,
S 这项新发明的应用将给公司带来巨大的利润。
which manufactures navigational
T The application of the new invention will bring great
systems. Blind individuals could use
profits to the company.
GPS sensors in walking sticks,
airplanes could land Close
by remote
control, hikers will be able to locate
their position in the woods—the list
of potential uses is endless.
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S
In Japan there are already over a million cars with some
type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car’s
position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to
its position on a map.)
be poised to do: be ready to take action at any moment
With the price of microchips dropping so drastically,
It is reported that U.S.
forces
are poised to of GPS are virtually limitless. “The
future
applications
attack Iraq.
commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy
The automobile company is poised to launch
Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp.,
its new advertising campaign.
which manufactures navigational
systems. Blind individuals could use
GPS sensors in walking sticks,
airplanes could land Close
by remote
control, hikers will be able to locate
their position in the woods—the list
of potential uses is endless.
Sentence
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Home
GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called
“telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on
smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in
Europe,
and
experiments
are being made in California to
mount: v. fix (sth.) in position
for use,
display
or study; put (sth.)
into place onmount
a supportcomputer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on
S Mounting the engine highways
in this way was
improvement.
to in
alert
cars to traffic jams and obstructions.
On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of
S 她把照片裱贴在她的日记本上。
T She mounted the photograph
San Diego,
traffic
engineers
are installing an MIT-designed
on the back
of her
diary
book.
system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan
calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch
magnetic spikes buried Close
in the highway, to take complete
control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars
will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six
feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.
Sentence
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GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called
“telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on
smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in
magnetic: adj.
Europe, and experiments are being made in California to
computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on
1) having the propertiesmount
of a magnet
highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.
The iron has lost its magnetic force.
On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of
S Cotton is not magnetic.
San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed
system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan
2) having an unusual power or ability to attract
calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch
magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete
S 他有吸引人的个性。
T He has magnetic personality.
control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars
will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six
feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.
Close
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GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called
“telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on
take control of: control smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in
S
The new manager didn’t
know how
to take
control of his are being made in California to
Europe,
and
experiments
company.
mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on
The government
has taken control
of all
the to traffic jams and obstructions.
highways
to alert
cars
newspapers.
On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of
San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed
system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan
Close by thousands of three-inch
calls for computers, aided
magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete
control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars
will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six
feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.
Sentence
Before Reading
Word
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Home
GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called
“telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on
bunch:
smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in
1. v. group together (both active and passive)
Europe, and experiments are being made in California to
S The captain told the players not to bunch together.
mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on
S The children were all bunched together in the corner of
highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.
the room.
On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of
S 我们聚在火炉周围取暖。
San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed
T We bunched around the fire for warmth.
system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan
for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch
2. n. a group of items calls
or individuals
gathered or placed
together spikes buried in the highway, to take complete
magnetic
S a bunch of grapes control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars
S a bunch of keys
will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six
S a bunch of flowers
Close
feet apart, traveling in unison,
and controlled by computer.
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Promoters of this computerized highway have great
hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be
incorporate: vt. make (sth.)
part of a whole
incorporated
into one of the major highways in the United
States.
If successful,
by 2020, as the price of microchips
S His newly published book
incorporates
his earlier essay.
drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be
S 他成为该大学的一员。
T He was incorporated aadopted
of miles of highways in the United
member ofin
thethousands
college.
S 我们将把你的建议编到新计划中去。
States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as
T
We will incorporate your
suggestion
in the
new plan.
well,
saving
fuel,
reducing traffic jams, decreasing air
pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway
expansion.
Close
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Promoters of this computerized highway have great
hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be
decrease: v. become or incorporated
make sth. smallerinto
or fewer
one of the major highways in the United
They are makingStates.
further efforts
to decrease by 2020, as the price of microchips
If successful,
military spending.
drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be
S 今年在校的儿童人数减少了。
T The number of children
in the school
decreased of miles of highways in the United
adopted
in has
thousands
this year.
States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as
Opposite: increase
well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air
CF: decrease, reduce & lessen
这几个词都是动词，都有“减少”之意。
pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway
decrease 一词使用广泛，特指数量的减少。例如：
expansion.
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Promoters of this computerized highway have great
hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be
S The number of traffic accidents decreased last year.
incorporated into one of the major highways in the United
T 去年交通事故的数量减少了。
States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips
S Water consumption had to decrease to avoid a drought.
drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be
T 水的消费量必须减少，以避免水荒。
reduce
词义很广。既可指大小、数量、范围或程度的缩
adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United
小，也可指等级、地位或经济状况的下降。例如：
States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as
S They reduced the size of the apparatus by two-thirds.
well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air
T 他们把该装置的体积缩小了三分之二。
S This has greatly reduced
the threat and serving as an alternative to highway
pollution,
presented by typhoons.
expansion.
T 这大大减少了台风造成的威胁。
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Promoters of this computerized highway have great
hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be
incorporated into one of the major highways in the United
lessen
是比较正式的用词，用于客观地表示程度、
价值或数量的减少，而不带任何偏见。例如：
States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips
S Production in the textile industry has also lessened sharply.
drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be
纺织工业的产量也已急剧下降。
T
adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United
S The value of money lessens during inflation.
T 通货膨胀时货币贬值。
States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as
well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air
pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway
expansion.
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Promoters of this computerized highway have great
hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be
expansion: n. the processincorporated
of becoming greater
size, extent
intoinone
of theor major highways in the United
importance
States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips
S Under heat, the metal undergoes considerable expansion.
drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be
S His book is an expansion of the play he wrote before.
adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United
S 这些是扩大我们学校建筑的计划。
States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as
T These are plans for the expansion of our school
building.
well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air
pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway
expansion.
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After Reading
1. Useful Expressions
2. Listening Practice
3. Discussion
4. Talk about the Pictures
5. Writing Practice
6. Proverbs and Quotations
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Useful Expressions
1. 计算机革命
the computer revolution
2. 制造业
manufacturing industry
3. 长途司机
long-distance driver
4. 被严重低估
be grossly underestimated
5. 威胁生命的重大隐患
life-threatening hazard
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Useful Expressions
6. 解决问题
cure the problem
7. 积极的影响
a positive impact
8. 与无线电信号调谐
be tuned to radio signals
9. 在任何一个特定时间
at any given time
10. 量子理论法则
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the laws of the quantum theory
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Useful Expressions
11. 精确的频率
precise frequency
12. 发出无线电信号
send out a radio signal
13. 换算出
be converted into
14. 导航能力
navigational capability
15. 几乎无限
virtually limitless
16. 手杖
walking sticks
17. 遥控
remote control
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Useful Expressions
18. 潜在的应用
potential use / application
19. 要求
call for
20. 完全控制
take complete control of
21. 被编成组
be bunched into groups
22. 一齐行驶
travel in unison
23. 对环保有利
environmental boon
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Listening Practice
Listen to a passage about computer recycling and fill in the
blanks where needed.
Millions of personal computers are sold every day in the
replacing millions of other older
United States. They are ________
computers. Experts say that within two years, more than fiftymillion computers will no longer be used in the United States
alone. Local, state and federal officials are trying to find ways
to deal with these old computers. They say some of the parts
contain lead and other dangerous substances
_________ that could be
harmful to people and the environment.
II
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Listening Practice
Listen to a passage about computer recycling and fill in the
blanks where needed.
The National Safety Council says twenty-four-million
computers in the United States were retired last year. Yet, it
recycled
says only about three-million of those were reused or _______.
The remaining twenty-one-million computers were kept in
storage, shipped to foreign markets or thrown away in public
landfills.
But experts say computers should not be thrown away in
public landfills
______ . They say harmful chemicals from computers
can mix with other liquids in landfills. In some cases, these
liquids go into the soil and threaten ground water.
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Listening Practice
Listen to a passage about computer recycling and fill in the
blanks where needed.
Most people do not know about the dangerous substances
in their computers. The computer screen, or monitor, contains
about three kilograms of lead. Lead
_________________________
is widely known to cause
_________________________________________________
central
nervous system problems in people, especially children.
Computers contain other harmful metals. Computer
switches, batteries and wiring are made with small amounts of
mercury and cadmium (镉).
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Listening Practice
Listen to a passage about computer recycling and fill in the
blanks where needed.
Officials in charge of waste say a system is needed to
collect old computers for reuse or recycling. But the electronics
____________________
recycling industry is new and small. Industry
officials say they
_________________________________________________
lack
the support needed to deal with the large number of
_________ The Environmental Protection Agency now
computers.
requires large companies to follow rules for dealing with old
computers. But recycling industry officials say many
businesses fail to obey them. And small businesses and
homes in most states are not included in the rules.
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Discussion
Design your own ideal car of the future.
Tips:
lead-free petroleum
environmentally friendly
streamlined
develop new fuels
replaceable
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Talk about the Pictures
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Talk about the Pictures
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Talk about the Pictures
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Talk about the Pictures
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Talk about the Pictures
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Talk about the Pictures
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Writing Practice
1. Preparation for Writing
2. A Few Guidelines
3. An Example
4. Homework
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Preparation for Writing
The résumé is a tool with one specific purpose: to win an
interview. If it does what the fantasy résumé did, it works. If it
doesn't, it isn't an effective résumé. A résumé is an
advertisement, nothing more, nothing less.
A great résumé doesn't just tell them what you have done
but makes the same assertion that all good ads do: If you buy
this product, you will get these specific, direct benefits. It
presents you in the best light. It convinces the employer that
you have what it takes to be successful in this new position or
career.
It is so pleasing to the eye that the reader is enticed to pick
it up and read it. It "whets the appetite," stimulates interest in
meeting you and learning more about you. It inspires the
prospective employer to pick up the phone and ask you to
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A Few Guidelines
The résumé is visually enticing (吸引人的), a work of art.
Simple clean structure. Very easy to read. Symmetrical.
Balanced. Uncrowded. As much white space between
sections of writing as possible; sections of writing that are no
longer than six lines, and shorter if possible.
There is uniformity and consistency in the use of italics,
capital letters, bullets, boldface, and underlining.
Absolute parallelism in design decisions. For example, if a
period is at the end of one job's date, a period should be at
the end of all jobs' dates; if one degree is in boldface, all
degrees should be in boldface.
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A Few Guidelines
There are absolutely no errors.
No typographical errors. No spelling errors. No grammar,
syntax, or punctuation errors. No errors of fact.
All the basic, expected information is included.
A résumé must have the following key information: your
name, address, phone number, and your email address at
the top of the first page, a listing of jobs held, in reverse
chronological order, educational degrees including the
highest degree received, in reverse chronological order.
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A Few Guidelines
Jobs listed include a title, the name of the firm, the city and
state of the firm, and the years.
Jobs earlier in a career can be summarized, or omitted if
prior to the highest degree, and extra part-time jobs can be
omitted. If no educational degrees have been completed, it
is still expected to include some mention of education
(professional study or training, partial study toward a
degree, etc.) acquired after high school.
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A Few Guidelines
It is targeted.
A résumé should be targeted to your goal, to the ideal next
step in your career. First you should get clear what your job
goal is, what the ideal position or positions would be. Then
you should figure out what key skills, areas of expertise or
body of experience the employer will be looking for in the
candidate.
Use powerful words.
For every skill, accomplishment, or job described, use the
most active impressive verb you can think of (which is also
accurate). Begin the sentence with this verb, except when
you must vary the sentence structure to avoid repetitious
writing.
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An Example
Fiona Scott decides to apply for the job at Patagonia. Study
her résumé carefully to see how she has presented the
information about herself. Where do you think each of the
following headings should be placed?
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An Example
References
Activities
Education
Skills
Personal Details
Professional Experience
1 _______________
Fiona Scott
52 Hanvor Street
Edinburg EH2 5LM
Scotland
Phone: 0131 449 0237
E-mail: Fiona.scott@caledonia.net
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An Example
References
Activities
Education
Skills
Personal Details
Professional Experience
2 _______________
1991~1992 London Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Diploma in Public Relations
1988~1991 University of London
BA in journalism and Media Studies
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An Example
References
Activities
Education
Skills
Personal Details
Professional Experience
3 ____________________
1995~present Public Relations Office, Scottish Nature Trust
Responsible for writing articles on all aspects of
Trustee’s activities
1992~1995
Press Office, Highlands Tourist Board
Preparation of promotional materials and
brochures
Summer of
The Glasgow Tribune newspaper
1990 and
Two three-month training periods as assistant
to the Sports Editor
1991
Arranging and conducting interviews
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An Example
References
Activities
Education
Skills
Personal Details
Professional Experience
4 ________
IT
Office 2000 and Windows NT, Excel, Internet,
PowerPoint
Language Fluent German and proficient in French
Additional Driving license
5 ______________
Cross-country skiing, rock climbing and swimming
Activities for disabled children
6______________
Geoffrey Williams
Brenda Denholm
Professor of Journalism Sports Editor
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Homework
Clarke Hooper is advertising for graduates. Read the
advertisement carefully, then prepare the résumé that you
would send to Michelle Hocking. You may invent as many
details as you wish, but note that the person who you present
in your résumé will not graduate until the end of this year.
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Not your degree, this ad. Got your attention though, didn’t it?
And that’s our business. Promotional marketing involves
everything from sales promotion to product launches, direct
marketing to design. All of it involves grabbing people’s
attention. If you’re interested in becoming an account
handler, and you think you’re capable of the kind of ideas
that stand out in an increasingly media literate society, send
your résumé to Michelle Hocking at the address below.
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Check out our work and who we do it for at www.chc.co.uk.
You’ll find more details about what we expect from graduates
at www.chc.co.uk/gradrecruitment. Whilst you’re there you’ll
also find the questionnaire we’ll be asking the best applicants
to complete. If you want to get our attention, it might be a good
idea to complete it now, and send it in with your résumé.
Clarke Hooper, St. Laurence Way, Slough, Berkshire, SL 12
BW.
E-mail: michelle@chc.co.uk
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Proverbs and Quotations
1. Activity is the only road to knowledge.
行动是通往知识的惟一道路。
2. Love is ever the beginning of knowledge as fire is of light.
知识总是从爱好开始，犹如光总是从火开始一样。
3. Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.
知识是一座宝库，而实践是开启宝库的钥匙。
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Proverbs and Quotations
4. The foundation of knowledge must be laid by reading.
General principles must come from books, which,
however, must be brought to the test of real life.
-- Samuel Johnson, British writer
读书是积累知识的基础。基本原理来源于书本，但须经实际生活
的检验。
-- 英国作家 S. 约翰逊
5. Imagination is more important than knowledge.
-- Albert Einstein, American Scientist
想象力比知识更为重要。
-- 美国科学家 A. 爱因斯坦
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