Describe four challenges to plants living on land and how
the plants have adapted
• How to Get
Nutrients from land
and air? Shoots
(stems and leaves)
and roots.
• Staying “afloat” in
air? Strong support
tissue, lignin
Describe four challenges to plants living on land
and how the plants have adapted.
• Retaining moisture.
Waxy cuticle and
stomata (pores)
surrounded by guard
cells
• Reproducing in air – internal
fertilization and embryo
development.
Seeds enclosed in protective
“jackets”
Pollen so sperm won’t dry out
Identify the four major groups of plants and their major
characteristics.
Describe the characteristics of a pteridophyte, and give
three examples of these plants.
• Vascular plants(have xylem and phloem)
that do not produce seeds, they
reproduce by spores
• Ferns, horsetails, club mosses
What three structures do all
vascular plants have?
• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
List the four main groups of
gymnosperms.
• Ginkos
• Cycads
• Conifers
• Gnetophytes
What does a “naked” seed mean?
• Not enclosed in an ovary
Describe 2 unique features of angiosperms and
how these features help the plants.
• Flowers – attract pollinators
• Fruit – protection of seeds, nutrition of
seeds, helps with dispersal
Characterize the two largest evolutionary branches of
angiosperms. Describe their differences.
Monocot
• Single cotyledon
• Parallel veins in leaves
Dicot
• Double cotyledon
• Veined leaves
Describe ways that humans depend on
angiosperms. Name one way you utilized an
angiosperm today.
•
•
•
•
•
Food
Animal Food
Clothing
Fuel
Ornamental
Define “Fruit”
• Ripened ovary of a flower
Relate the structures of a flower to their reproductive
functions, and indicate whether the structure is male,
female, or neither.
Describe root and shoot
structures and functions
• Vascular tissue, transport of nutrients
and wastes, photosynthesis.
What are the two functions of
vascular tissue?
• Transport
• Structural support
Describe three main plant tissues systems
• Dermal Tissue: Outer
covering or “skin” of the
plant
• Vascular Tissue:
transports water, mineral
nutrients, and organic
molecules between roots
and shoots (ex. xylem and
phloem)
• Ground Tissue: tissue inbetween dermal and
vascular tissue that
functions in photosynthesis,
storage and support.
Describe the two types of vascular
tissue and their specific functions
Xylem
• Transports water and
dissolved minerals up
Phloem
• Transports food from
leaves to parts of plants
that photosynthesize
Trace the path of nitrogen from
the atmosphere to a plant’s roots
Explain how water loss from a
plant is regulated
Waxy cuticle
Stomata = microscopic pores found on the
under side of leaves that open and close
Stomata
Closed
Stomata
Open